Table 1.
Refs | Intervention | Dementia stage | Treatment intensity (E) | Evaluation | Areas of intervention | Outcome | JCR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | N = 18 | NA | One-to-one sessions | Pre, weeks 4 and 8, post and follow-up | Behavior | Significant differences with C | Yes |
Randomized | 12 weeks | ||||||
E1: MSSR 1 session/week | 30 min/session | ||||||
E2: MSSR 3 sessions/week | |||||||
C: usual care | |||||||
15,21 | N = 136 | NA | One-to-one sessions | Pre, mid, post and follow-up | Behavior | Limited short-term improvements for both groups. | Yes |
Randomized | 4 weeks | Communication | |||||
E: MSSR | Moderate to severe | 2 sessions/week | Immediate effects | Mood | No significant differences between E and C | ||
C: activity sessions | 30 min/session | Cognition | |||||
22 | N = 27 | Mild | 4-5 people/session | Pre, post and follow-up | Mood: depression | Significant improvement | Yes |
No randomized | 3 weeks | ||||||
Multisensory stimulation | 4 sessions/week | Cognition | |||||
No C | |||||||
23 | N = 40 | NA | Group sessions | Pre and post | Behavior | No significant effect | No |
Randomized | 10 weeks | ||||||
E: sensory integration | 3 sessions/week | Functional status: ADL | |||||
C: usual leisure activities | 30-45 min/session | ||||||
24 | N = 125 | Moderate to severe | 15 months | Pre and post | Behavior | ↓ loss of decorum, apathetic, rebellious and aggressive behavior | Yes |
Randomized | ↓ depression, ↑ well-being | ||||||
E: MSSE integrated in daily care | 1 session daily | Mood | ↑ responding to speaking, relating to caregiver, normal-length sentences | ||||
C: usual care | Communication | ||||||
25 | N = 117 | Moderate to severe | 15 months | Pre and post | Communication | ↑ smiling, duration of eye contact and verbal expressed autonomy | Yes |
Randomized | |||||||
E: MSSE integrated in daily care | 1 session daily | ↓ negative verbal behaviors | |||||
C: usual care | |||||||
26 | N = 6 | Moderate to severe | 16 weeks | Pre and post | Behavior | No significant effect | Yes |
No randomized | |||||||
Motor and multisensory stimulation integrated in daily care | 1 session daily | Communication | |||||
No C | |||||||
27 | N = 24 | NA | One-to-one sessions | Post Immediate effects | Mood | All three environments improved mood. No evidence that any was better than other | Yes |
No randomized | |||||||
E1: MSSR | 3 sessions of each activity | ||||||
E2: garden | 16 min/session | ||||||
C: normal living environment | |||||||
28 | N = 4 | Moderate to severe | One-to-one sessions 4 weeks | Immediate effects | Behavior | Positive effect (no statistical reported) | No |
No Randomized | |||||||
MSSR | 2 sessions/week | Mood | |||||
No C | |||||||
29 | N = 20 | NA | One-to-one sessions | Immediate effects | Behavior | Significant improvement in both groups. No significant differences between E and C | Yes |
Randomized | 2 weeks | ||||||
E: MSSR | 3 sessions | Mood | |||||
C: reminiscence | 40 min/session | ||||||
30 | N = 20 | NA | One-to-one sessions | Immediate effects | Behavior | Positive effect (no statistics reported) | Yes |
No randomized | 1 year | ||||||
MSSR | 30 min/session | ||||||
No C | |||||||
31 | N = 29 | NA | One-to-one sessions | Immediate effects | Behavior | Positive effect (no statistics reported) | Yes |
No randomized | 1-4 sessions | Mood | |||||
MSSR | 20-30 min/session | Communication | |||||
No C | |||||||
32 | N = 14 | NA | One-to-one sessions | Initial month and 3 months later | Behavior | Positive effect (no statistics reported) | Yes |
No randomized | |||||||
E: MSSR | Sporadic use | ||||||
C: usual care | 15-20 min/session | ||||||
33 | N = 24 | Moderate to severe | One-to-one sessions | Pre and 6 post sessions | Behavior | Significant improvement compared with C | Yes |
Randomized | |||||||
E: MSBT | 6 sessions | Functional status: ADL | |||||
C: recreational activity | 25-30 min/session | ||||||
34 | N = 10 | NA | 3 weeks | Pre and post | Behavior | Positive effect (no statistics reported) | Yes |
No randomized | 1-2 times/d | ||||||
MSSR (at home) | 15-45 min/session | Immediate effects | Communication | ||||
No C | |||||||
35 | N = 30 | Moderate to severe | One-to-one sessions | Immediate effects | Functional status | Significant improvement in both groups. Participants in E improved significantly in motor skills for more sessions | Yes |
Randomized | |||||||
E: MSSR | 4 weeks | ||||||
C: garden | 3 sessions/week | ||||||
36 | N = 19 | NA | One-to-one sessions | Pre, mid, and post | Functional status: balance | No significant effect | Yes |
Randomized | 6 weeks | ||||||
E: MSSR | 2 sessions/week | ||||||
C: volunteer visits | 30 min/session |
Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; C, control group; E, experimental group; MSBT, multisensory behavior therapy; MSSE, multisensory stimulation environment; MSSR, multisensory stimulation room; NA, not available data; JCR, Journal Citation Reports.