FIGURE 3.

Prospective association between self-reported frequency of cleaning/disinfection tasks and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease incidence among us female nurses. Occupational exposure was evaluated as the highest exposure level at any of the questionnaire cycles before time of diagnosis. The follow-up periods were 2009--2015 for job type and use of disinfectants and 2011--2015 for use of sprays. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, smoking status and pack-years (continuous), race, ethnicity, and body mass index. Observations with missing values for pack-years of smoking (<0.5%) were excluded from analyses. Observations with missing values for body mass index (3.8%) were included in the model as a ‘missing’ category. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjusted hazard ratios with 95% CIs are shown for type of disinfectant (A and B) and specific use of disinfectant (C and D). a Use of a disinfectant to clean surfaces or instruments. b Use of sprays for patient care, instrument cleaning or disinfection, surface cleaning or disinfection, air refreshing, or other [10^▪▪].