Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Included in the Study
| Diagnosis at Baseline |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Overall | Normal | Suspect | Glaucoma | P |
| Patients, n (%) | 1019 (100.0) | 169 (16.6) | 481 (47.2) | 369 (36.2) | |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 63.4 ± 14.3 | 53.9 ± 14.5 | 62.5 ± 14.6 | 69.0 ± 11.0 | <0.001 a |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.016 b | ||||
| Black or African American, n (%) | 365 (35.8) | 49 (29.0) | 193 (40.1) | 123 (33.3) | |
| Non–Black or African American, n (%) | 654 (64.2) | 120 (71.0) | 288 (59.9) | 246 (66.7) | |
| Sex | 0.005 b | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 596 (58.5) | 110 (65.1) | 294 (61.1) | 192 (52.0) | |
| Male, n (%) | 423 (41.5) | 59 (34.9) | 187 (38.9) | 177 (48.0) | |
| Insurance status | < 0.001 b | ||||
| Yes, n (%) | 903 (90.9) | 141 (84.4) | 421 (90.9) | 341 (93.7) | |
| No, n (%) | 69 (6.9) | 24 (14.4) | 35 (7.6) | 10 (2.8) | |
| Not reported, % | 22 (2.2) | 2 (1.2) | 7 (1.5) | 13 (3.6) | |
| Marriage status | 0.007 b | ||||
| Single, n (%) | 163 (16.4) | 41 (24.6) | 78 (16.9) | 44 (12.1) | |
| Married, n (%) | 533 (53.6) | 83 (49.7) | 250 (54.0) | 200 (55.0) | |
| Divorced/separated, n (%) | 179 (18.0) | 33 (19.8) | 81 (17.5) | 65 (17.9) | |
| Widowed, n (%) | 99 (10.0) | 8 (4.8) | 47 (10.2) | 44 (12.1) | |
| Not reported, n (%) | 20 (2.0) | 2 (1.2) | 7 (1.5) | 11 (3.0) | |
| Education level | 0.005 b | ||||
| Did not complete high school, n (%) | 35 (3.5) | 4 (2.4) | 13 (2.8) | 18 (5.0) | |
| Completed high school, n (%) | 147 (14.8) | 19 (11.4) | 74 (16.0) | 54 (14.8) | |
| Some college, n (%) | 23 (2.3) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (1.1) | 17 (4.7) | |
| College graduate, n (%) | 468 (47.1) | 82 (49.1) | 232 (50.1) | 154 (42.3) | |
| Postgraduate or professional degree, n (%) | 312 (31.4) | 59 (35.3) | 137 (29.6) | 116 (31.9) | |
| Not reported, n (%) | 9 (0.9) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (0.4) | 5 (1.4) | |
| Income | 0.244b | ||||
| <$24,999, n (%) | 150 (15.1) | 22 (13.2) | 83 (17.9) | 45 (12.4) | |
| $25,000–$49,999, n (%) | 178 (17.9) | 35 (21.0) | 88 (19.0) | 55 (15.1) | |
| $50,000–$74,999, n (%) | 154 (15.5) | 29 (17.4) | 66 (14.3) | 59 (16.2) | |
| $75,000–$124,999, n (%) | 158 (15.9) | 24 (14.4) | 70 (15.1) | 64 (17.6) | |
| > $125,000, n (%) | 169 (17.0) | 24 (14.4) | 80 (17.3) | 65 (17.9) | |
| Declined, n (%) | 185 (18.6) | 33 (19.8) | 76 (16.4) | 76 (20.9) | |
| Baseline NEI Rasch VFQ-25, mean ± SD | 76.9 ± 15.5 | 82.9 ± 13.0 | 78.2 ± 14.8 | 72.6 ± 16.2 | <0.001 a |
| Eye, n (%) | 1884 (100.0) | 531 (28.2) | 838 (44.5) | 515 (27.3) | |
| MD (dB), mean SD | −2.6 ± 5.3 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | −0.9 ± 2.4 | −6.2 ± 7.0 | <0.001 a |
| RNFL (μm), mean SD | 84.8 ± 17.7 | 97.8 ± 9.5 | 89.0 ± 13.1 | 64.5 ± 12.8 | <0.001 a |
dB = decibels; MD = mean deviation; NEI VFQ-25 items score = National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25; RNFL = retinal nerve fiber layer; SD = standard deviation.
Boldface indicates P-value of significance < 0.05.
a
KruskaleWallis.
b
Chi-square.