| Iatrogenic |
Procedure |
|
Medication |
|
Hypothalamic and pituitary surgery |
|
|
Glucocorticoids |
|
Radiosurgery and radiotherapy |
|
|
Opiates |
|
|
|
Megestrol acetate |
|
|
|
Medroxyprogesterone |
|
|
|
Immune checkpoint inhibitors |
|
| Hypophysitis |
Secondary hypophysitis |
|
Infiltrative disease |
|
Sarcoid granulomatosis with polyangiitis |
|
|
Hemochromatosis |
|
Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
|
|
Amyloidosis |
|
Infection |
|
|
PIT1-antibody |
|
|
Primary hypophysitis |
|
|
|
Lymphocytic |
|
|
|
Granulomatous |
|
|
|
Xanthomatous |
|
| Vascular |
|
|
Sheehan’s syndrome |
|
|
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage |
|
|
Pituitary apoplexy |
|
|
Arteritis |
|
| Tumors |
|
|
Pituitary abscess |
Ependymoma |
|
Pituitary adenoma |
Glioma |
|
Empty sella |
Pinealoma |
|
Parasellar tumors or cysts |
Craniopharyngioma |
|
Rathke’s cyst |
Hypothalamic hematoma |
|
Dermoid cyst |
Gangliocytoma |
|
Meningioma |
Metastasis |
|
Germinoma |
Hematological malignancies (leukemias, lymphomas) |
|
Chordoma |
|
| Traumatic |
|
|
Head injury |
|
|
Perinatal trauma |
|
| Genetic |
|
|
Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies |
Associated syndromes |
|
|
POUF1
|
|
Septooptic dysplasia ( HESX1 ) |
|
|
PROP1
|
|
GH, TSH, ACTH deficiencies and cerebellar abnormalities ( LHX4 ) |
|
Isolated ACTH deficiency |
|
Hypopituitarism and mental retardation ( SOX3 ) |
|
|
TBX19 (TPIT)
|
|
Holoprosencephaly and multiple midline defects ( GLI2 ) |
|
|
POMC
|
|
Anophthalmia, hypopituitarism, esophageal atresia ( SOX2 ) |
|
|
PC1(PCSK1) – POMC processing defect |
|
CHARGE syndrome |
|
|
Prader-Willi syndrome |
| Idiopathic |
|
