Table 3.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic groups
| Variable | TAM-defined sarcopenia (n = 69) | TSM-defined nonsarcopenia (n = 23) | p value | PM-defined sarcopenia (n = 46) | PM-defined nonsarcopenia (n = 46) | p value | PS-defined sarcopenia (n = 8) | PS-defined nonsarcopenia (n = 84) | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 67.46±10.72 | 61.70±10.64 | 0.028* | 66.60±10.75 | 65.44±11.22 | 0.614 | 73.50±8.04 | 65.31±10.94 | 0.042* |
| Sex (male) | 59 (85.5%) | 15 (65.2%) | 0.034* | 39 (84.8%) | 35 (76.1%) | 0.293 | 3 (37.5%) | 71 (84.5%) | 0.007* |
| Body weight, kg | 64.2±10.3 | 65.5±11.8 | 0.621 | 63.5±9.9 | 65.4±11.3 | 0.396 | 52.5±5.6 | 65.7±10.3 | 0.001* |
| BH, cm | 165.0±6.9 | 162.7±9.0 | 0.191 | 164.6±7.7 | 164.3±7.3 | 0.829 | 152.4±7.3 | 165.6±6.4 | <0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6±3.4 | 24.6±2.9 | 0.204 | 23.5±3.2 | 24.2±3.3 | 0.294 | 22.6±3.8 | 23.9±3.3 | 0.293 |
| TAM area, cm2 | 116.14±26.56 | 143.82±35.58 | <0.001* | 118.04±30.50 | 128.09±31.58 | 0.124 | 87.58±34.25 | 126.44±29.00 | 0.001* |
| PM area, cm2 | 15.19±9.28 | 20.16±9.59 | 0.030* | 9.02±4.96 | 23.84±6.92 | <0.001* | 15.87±10.85 | 16.48±9.49 | 0.864 |
| PS area, cm2 | 49.20±15.83 | 57.22±21.65 | 0.112 | 54.68±17.80 | 47.73±17.05 | 0.059 | 19.44±10.76 | 54.23±15.05 | <0.001* |
| HBV related | 46 (66.7%) | 14 (60.9%) | 0.613 | 34 (73.9%) | 26 (56.5%) | 0.080 | 3 (37.5%) | 57 (67.9%) | 0.121 |
| HCV related | 12 (17.4%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.363 | 6 (13.0%) | 12 (26.1%) | 0.115 | 4 (50.0%) | 14 (16.7%) | 0.044* |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 48±43 | 52±45 | 0.700 | 47±33 | 51±52 | 0.641 | 61±39 | 48±44 | 0.417 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.9±0.4 | 3.8±0.7 | 0.607 | 3.8±0.5 | 3.9±0.5 | 0.505 | 3.4±0.6 | 3.9±0.5 | 0.006* |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.91±0.41 | 1.09±0.81 | 0.163 | 0.97±0.47 | 0.93±0.62 | 0.776 | 0.89±0.50 | 0.96±0.55 | 0.725 |
| ALBI grade >1 | 28 (40.6%) | 9 (39.1%) | 0.902 | 20 (43.5%) | 17 (37.0%) | 0.524 | 6 (75.0%) | 31 (36.9%) | 0.057 |
| MELD score | 8±2 | 9±3 | 0.195 | 8±2 | 8±3 | 0.667 | 8±2 | 8±3 | 0.526 |
| Maximal tumor size, cm | 7.6±4.4 | 7.3±3.3 | 0.730 | 7.8±4.6 | 7.3±3.7 | 0.588 | 7.8±4.8 | 7.5±4.1 | 0.836 |
| Tumor size > 5 cm | 47 (68.1%) | 15 (65.2%) | 0.797 | 31 (67.4%) | 31 (67.4%) | 0.999 | 6 (75.0%) | 56 (66.7%) | >0.999 |
| Tumor number >5 | 17 (24.6%) | 7 (30.4%) | 0.583 | 16 (34.8%) | 8 (17.4%) | 0.058 | 1 (12.5%) | 23 (27.4%) | 0.675 |
| Bilobar | 32 (46.4%) | 13 (56.5%) | 0.399 | 18 (39.1%) | 27 (58.7%) | 0.061 | 5 (62.5%) | 40 (47.6%) | 0.481 |
| Total tumor volume, mLb | 254 (411) | 249 (400) | 0.885 | 300 (659) | 242 (293) | 0.417 | 140 (191) | 261 (437) | 0.178 |
| Non-tumor liver volume, mL | 1,133±372 | 1,205±316 | 0.405 | 1,191±357 | 1,111±360 | 0.285 | 1,103±240 | 1,156±369 | 0.691 |
| AFP > 400, ng/mL | 30 (43.5%) | 10 (43.5%) | >0.999 | 24 (52.2%) | 16 (34.8%) | 0.092 | 5 (62.5%) | 35 (41.7%) | 0.288 |
| BCLC stage C | 32 (46.4%) | 8 (34.8%) | 0.331 | 23 (50.0%) | 17 (37.0%) | 0.207 | 2 (25.0%) | 38 (45.2%) | 0.458 |
| ECOG performance status 1 | 10 (14.5%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.194 | 9 (19.6%) | 2 (4.3%) | 0.024* | 3 (37.5%) | 8 (9.5%) | 0.052 |
| Administered activity (GBq) | 1.42±0.67 | 1.63±0.90 | 0.229 | 1.51±0.71 | 1.44±0.77 | 0.639 | 1.09±0.47 | 1.51±0.08 | 0.123 |
| Prior therapy | 50 (72.5%) | 14 (60.9%) | 0.295 | 32 (69.6%) | 32 (69.6%) | 0.999 | 4 (50.0%) | 60 (71.4%) | 0.240 |
| 1-month objective response | 32 (46.4%) | 11 (47.8%) | 0.904 | 23 (50.0%) | 20 (43.5%) | 0.531 | 4 (50.0%) | 39 (46.4%) | >0.999 |
| 4-month objective response | 29 (42.0%) | 14 (60.9%) | 0.117 | 22 (47.8%) | 21 (45.7%) | 0.834 | 4 (50.0%) | 39 (46.4%) | >0.999 |
| 7-month objective response | 21 (30.4%) | 7 (30.4%) | >0.999 | 13 (28.3%) | 15 (32.6%) | 0.650 | 2 (25.0%) | 26 (31.0%) | >0.999 |
| Posttreatment curative therapy | 15 (21.7%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.656 | 10 (21.7%) | 9 (19.6%) | 0.797 | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (22.6%) | 0.198 |
PM, psoas muscle; TAM, total abdominal muscle; PS, paraspinal muscle; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
*p < 0.05.
aFisher’s exact test used for estimated number <5.
bPresented as median (interquartile range) and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test used for to comparison.