Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics and parameters collected from the medical history of participants with and without answering the German version of EMat Health Survey
| Total (N = 389) | Participants without answered questionnaire (N = 187) | Participants answered questionnaire (N = 202) | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (SD) | 32.0 (5.2) | 31.6 (5.5) | 32.4 (5.0) | F = 1.916, df = 2, p = 0.172 |
| Number of children, mean (SD) | 1.8 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.4) | 1.7 (0.8) | T = 2.780, df = 298.805, p = 0.003 |
| Gestational age at birth, weeks (SD) | 38.8 (2.0) | 38.7 (2.2) | 38.8 (1.7) | F = 0.765, df = 2, p = 0.470 |
| Number of examinations, mean (SD) | 11.0 (2.6) | 10.9 (2.5) | 11.2 (2.6) | F = 0.754, df = 2, p = 0.423 |
| Number of ultrasounds, mean (SD) | 4.0 (1.6) | 4.0 (1.6) | 4.0 (1.6) | F = 0.214, df = 2, p = 0.98 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 25.7 (5.6) | 26.4 (5.7) | 25.1 (5.5) | T = 3.223, df = 387, p = 0.010 |
| End of pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 30.8 (5.7) | 31.5 (5.7) | 30.2 (5.6) | T = 2.175, df = 387, p = 0.015 |
| GWG, kg (SD) | 14.2 (6.1) | 13.9 (6.7) | 14.4 (5.6) | T = 1.132, df = 2, p = 0.315 |
| Obesity diagnosed by obstetrician, n (%) | 45 (11.7) | 26 (14.0) | 19 (9.5) | χ2 = 2.124, df = 2, p = 0.628 |
| Special mental stress (e.g., family- or work-related), n (%) | 28 (7.3) | 12 (6.5) | 16 (4.2) | χ2 = 1.384, df = 2, p = 0.501 |
| Special social stress (e.g., integration or financial issues), n (%) | 24 (6.3) | 17 (9.2) | 7 (3.5) | χ2 = 5.263, df = 1, p = 0.022 |
| Pre-pregnancy weight category, n (%) | χ2 = 7.667, df = 3, p = 0.053 | |||
| Underweight | 13 (3.3) | 3 (1.6) | 10 (5.0) | |
| Normal-weight | 198 (50.9) | 87 (46.5) | 111 (55.0) | |
| Overweight | 97 (24.9) | 54 (28.9) | 43 (21.3) | |
| Obesity | 81 (20.8) | 43 (23.0) | 38 (18.8) | |
| GWG according to IOM guidelines, n (%) | χ2 = 0.693, df = 2, p = 0.707 | |||
| Below | 76 (19.5) | 39 (20.9) | 37 (18.3) | |
| Within | 117 (30.1) | 53 (28.3) | 64 (31.7) | |
| Above | 196 (50.4) | 95 (50.8) | 101 (51.5) | |
| Results of participants answering the questionnaire (N = 202) | ||||
| Planned pregnancy, n (%) | 168 (83.1) | |||
| Self-identified pre-pregnancy weight category, n (%) | ||||
| Underweight | 13 (6.5) | |||
| Normal-weight | 138 (69.3) | |||
| Overweight | 44 (22.1) | |||
| Obesity | 3 (1.5) | |||
| Received information about recommended GWG from obstetrician, n (%) | 72 (35.6) | |||
| Self-defined GWG goal, n (%) | 53 (39.8) | |||
| Reported change in eating habits during pregnancy, n (%) | ||||
| Unhealthier | 41 (20.5) | |||
| No change | 84 (42.0) | |||
| Healthier | 66 (33.0) | |||
| Don’t know | 9 (4.5) | |||
| Reported to have consumed more calories during pregnancy, n (%) | 104 (52.5) | |||
| Concerns about weight gain during pregnancy, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 118 (58.7) | |||
| Rarely | 39 (19.4) | |||
| Sometimes | 23 (11.4) | |||
| Frequently | 13 (6.5) | |||
| Always | 8 (4.0) | |||
| Women’s assumption of recommended GWG, n (%) | ||||
| 5–9 kg | 24 (18.4) | |||
| 7–11 kg | 48 (45.8) | |||
| 11–16 kg | 92 (23.9) | |||
| 13–18 kg | 37 (11.9) | |||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 54 (30.9) | |||
| Married | 114 (65.1) | |||
| Widowed | 3 (1.7) | |||
| Divorced | 4 (2.3) | |||
| Educational level | ||||
| 9 years | 10 (5.8) | |||
| 10 years | 58 (33.5) | |||
| ≥12 years (finished high school) | 105 (60.7) | |||
The first column represents clinical characteristics, parameters collected from the medical history of participants and answers of the questionnaire. The second column shows the results of the entire collective (total). The third column contains the results of those subjects who did not participate in the completion of the questionnaire. Column four presents the results of the subjects who completed the questionnaire. The fifth column shows the statistic of investigated groups.
SD, standard deviation; T, size of the difference relative to the dispersion; F, the ratio of two variances; df, number of degrees of freedom; χ2, chi-square; p, p value.