Table 2.
Clinical features of HCC patients from multiple institutions at time of initial treatment used for validation analysis including cases lacking complete data (n = 5,692)
| Age, years* | 70 (63–77) |
| Male (%) | 4,244 (74.6) |
| ECOG PS (0:1:2:3:4:ND) | 3,535:385:150:100:17:1,505 |
| Etiology (HCV:HBV:HBV+HCV:alcohol:others:ND) | 3,193:775:44:464:1,205:11 |
| ALBI score* | −2.36 (−2.74 to −1.93) |
| mALBI grade (1:2a:2b:3) | 2,006:1,162:2,069:455 |
| AFP, ng/mL* | 15.0 (5.3–121.0) (ND 518) |
| AFP-L3, %* | 2.2 (0.5–16.9) (ND 1,850) |
| PIVKA-II, mAU/mL* | 59.3 (21.0–774.5) (ND 990) |
| Intrahepatic tumor size, maximum size, cm* | 2.7 (1.8–5.0) |
| Number of intrahepatic tumors (1:2:3:4:5:≥6 + diffuse type) | 3,106:1,126:538:214:214:494 |
| Vp (0:1:2:3:4) | 5,166:105:89:186:146 |
| EHM positive, n (%) | 302 (6.5) |
| TNM-LCSGJ 6th (I:II:III:IV) | 1,318:2,132:1,470:772 |
| Treatment (SR:ablation:TACE:chemotherapy†:other including BSC:ND) | 1,320:1,999:1,522:256:587:8 (†1:24:31:197:3:0) |
| Observation period, months* | 31.2 (10.8–64.8) |
ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; ND, no data patients’ number; ALBI score, albumin-bilirubin score; mALBI grade, modified ALBI grade; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AFP-L3, fucosylated AFP; PIVKA-II, protein-induced vitamin K absence or antagonist-II; Vp, portal vein tumor thrombosis; EHM, extrahepatic metastasis; TNM-LCSGJ 6th, tumor-node-metastasis stage of Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan, 6th edition; LT, liver transplantation; SR, surgical resection; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; chemotherapy, chemotherapy including systemic treatments; HAIC, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; BSC, best supportive care.
*Median (interquartile range). †Atezolizumab plus bebacizumab:lenvatinib:sorafenib:HAIC:clinical trial with ICI:others.