Table 1.
Demographic and biochemical characteristics of MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups in overweight/obese adults in 2021
| Characteristics | Before PSM | After PSM with gender and age | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-MAFLD (n = 18,391) | MAFLD (n = 13,924) | p value | non-MAFLD (n = 13,728) | MAFLD (n = 13,728) | p value | |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 12,283 (66.8) | 10,136 (72.8) | <0.001 | 9,948 (72.5) | 9,948 (72.5) | – |
| Age, years | 39 (31, 51) | 40 (32, 51) | <0.001 | 39 (32, 51) | 40 (32, 51) | 0.505 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.55 (24.17, 27.61) | 27.74 (25.6, 30.52) | <0.001 | 25.45 (24.16, 27.37) | 27.71 (25.63, 30.47) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic abnormalities | ||||||
| Elevated SBP, n (%) | 5,994 (32.6) | 6,669 (47.9) | <0.001 | 4,488 (32.7) | 6,577 (47.9) | <0.001 |
| Elevated DBP, n (%) | 5,258 (28.6) | 6,377 (45.8) | <0.001 | 4,012 (29.2) | 6,273 (45.7) | <0.001 |
| Elevated FBG, n (%) | 3,487 (19.0) | 5,109 (36.7) | <0.001 | 2,835 (20.7) | 5,044 (36.7) | <0.001 |
| Elevated TG, n (%) | 4,795 (26.1) | 8,319 (59.7) | <0.001 | 3,671 (26.7) | 8,188 (59.6) | <0.001 |
| Elevated TC, n (%) | 2,866 (15.7) | 3,486 (25.0) | <0.001 | 2,211 (16.1) | 3,433 (25.0) | <0.001 |
| Reduced HDL-C, n (%) | 5,048 (25.6) | 6,022 (43.2) | <0.001 | 3,306 (24.1) | 5,942 (43.3) | <0.001 |
| Elevated LDL-C, n (%) | 4,691 (25.5) | 5,042 (36.2) | <0.001 | 3,675 (26.8) | 4,976 (36.2) | <0.001 |
| Elevated UA, n (%) | 3,795 (20.6) | 5,477 (39.3) | <0.001 | 2,533 (18.5) | 5,411 (39.4) | <0.001 |
| Liver function | ||||||
| ALT, IU/L | 18 (15, 23) | 24 (19, 33) | <0.001 | 19 (15, 24) | 24 (19, 33) | <0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 18 (14, 23) | 24 (19, 35) | <0.001 | 19 (15, 23) | 24 (19, 34) | <0.001 |
| ALP, IU/L | 74 (63, 88) | 79 (67, 94) | <0.001 | 74 (62, 88) | 79 (67, 94) | <0.001 |
| GGT, U/L | 18 (13, 27) | 31 (21, 47) | <0.001 | 18 (13, 28) | 31 (21, 47) | <0.001 |
| TBIL, μmol/L | 11.9 (9, 15.5) | 11.9 (9.1, 15.6) | 0.206 | 11.8 (9, 15.4) | 11.9 (9.1, 15.6) | 0.032 |
| Renal function | ||||||
| BUN, mmol/L | 4.6 (3.9, 5.4) | 4.62 (3.96, 5.45) | <0.001 | 4.6 (3.9, 5.4) | 4.62 (3.96, 5.46) | 0.001 |
| SCr, μmol/L | 79.3 (69.1, 88.0) | 80.9 (72.2, 88.75) | <0.001 | 79.2 (69.5, 88) | 80.9 (72.1, 88.8) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 97.6 (84.8, 102) | 97.1 (85.2, 107.7) | 0.001 | 98.6 (87.1, 109.4) | 97.1 (85.1, 107.7) | <0.001 |
| eGFR <90, n (%) | 34.1 (6,284/18,391) | 33.9 (4,715/13,924) | 0.565 | 4,198 (30.5) | 4,672 (34.0) | <0.001 |
| eGFR <60, n (%) | 1.7 (321/18,391) | 1.9 (258/13,924) | 0.471 | 229 (1.7) | 254 (1.9) | 0.251 |
Elevated SBP: ≥130 mm Hg. Elevated DBP: ≥ 85 mm Hg. Elevated FBG: ≥5.6 mmol/L. Elevated TG: ≥1.7 mmol/L. Elevated TC: ≥5.2 mmol/L. Reduced HDL-C: <1.0 mmol/L for men and <1.3 mmol/L for women. Elevated LDL-C: ≥3.1 mmol/L. Elevated UA: ≥416 μmol/L for men and ≥357 μmol/L for women.