Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studied evaluating vitamin D status of morbidly obese patients or bariatric surgery candidates
| Author | Year | Country | Sex | Age, years | BMI | Sample size | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alejo Ramos et al. [48] | 2019 | Spain | M/F | 43.07 | 49.82 | 321 | Vit D, PTH |
| Al-Mutawa et al. [49] | 2018 | Kuwait | M/F | 35 | 46.1 | 1,793 | Vit D |
| Arias et al. [50] | 2019 | Argentina | M/F | 40.25 | 43.74 | 169 | Vit D |
| Asghari et al. [51] | 2018 | Iran | M/F | 37.8 | 37.8 | 2,008 | Ca |
| Bandstein et al. [52] | 2015 | Switzerland | M/F | 42.8 | 45.2 | 210 | Vit D |
| Beckman et al. [53] | 2013 | USA | F | 48 | 48 | 29 | Vit D |
| Ben-Porat al. [54] | 2017 | Israel | M/F | 39.8 | 45.2 | 27 | Vit D, PTH |
| Bredella et al. [55] | 2017 | United States | M/F | 49 | 43.9 | 21 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Caron et al. [56] | 2017 | Canada | M/F | 48 | 48.1 | 537 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Carrasco et al. [57] | 2014 | Chile | F | 33.5 | 40 | 43 | Vit D, PTH |
| Carrasco et al. [58] | 2018 | USA | F | 35 | 39.1 | 58 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Casella et al. [59] | 2018 | Italy | M/F | 37 | 44.34 | 226 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Chereau et al. [60] | 2017 | France | M/F | 46 | 44.9 | 48 | Vit D |
| Cloutier et al. [61] | 2018 | Canada | M/F | 40.4 | 45.9 | 20 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Coupaye et al. [62] | 2014 | France | M/F | 45 | 48.5 | 86 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Cuesta et al. [63] | 2014 | Spain | M/F | 42.28 | 44.1 | 178 | Vit D |
| Sherf Dagan et al. [64] | 2016 | Israel | M/F | 41.9 | 42.3 | 100 | Vit D |
| Aridi et al. [41] | 2016 | Lebanon | M/F | 39.7 | 43.1 | 257 | Vit D |
| Dogan et al. [65] | 2014 | Netherlands | F | 74 | 44.8 | 148 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Ducloux et al. [66] | 2014 | France | M/F | 55.9 | 32.5 | 547 | Vit D |
| Elhag et al. [67] | 2018 | Qatar | M/F | 16 | 46.04 | 79 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Elias et al. [68] | 2014 | Finland | M/F | NS | 42.65 | 63 | Vit D, PTH |
| Flores et al. [69] | 2015 | Spain | M/F | 44 | 46 | 176 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Ghiassi et al. [70] | 2018 | USA | M/F | 50.8 | 48.4 | 96 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Gillon et al. [71] | 2017 | Norway | M/F | 41 | 45.3 | 336 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Guan et al. [72] | 2018 | China | M/F | 32 | 40.11 | 120 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Guglielmi et al. [73] | 2018 | Italy | M/F | 40 | 48.5 | 42 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Smelt et al. [74] | 2019 | Netherlands | M/F | 45 | 42.6 | 100 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Henfridsson et al. [75] | 2019 | Sweden | M/F | 16.5 | 45.5 | 85 | Ca, Vit D |
| Hultin et al. [76] | 2018 | Sweden | M/F | 40 | 54.5 | 20 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Johnson et al. [77] | 2019 | Minnesota | M/F | 43 | 45.75 | 468 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Karefylakis et al. [78] | 2014 | Sweden | M/F | 49 | 43.4 | 293 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Kim et al. [79] | 2014 | Korea | M/F | 45.8 | 32.9 | 33 | Ca, Vit D |
| Lanzarini et al. [80] | 2015 | Spain | M/F | 45.7 | 43 | 164 | Vit D, PTH |
| Lee et al. [11] | 2019 | Singapore | M/F | 40.6 | 42.4 | 577 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Luger et al. [81] | 2015 | Austria | M/F | 46 | 45.4 | 50 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Luger et al. [82] | 2017 | Austria | M/F | 42.2 | 43.8 | 50 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Luger et al. [83] | 2018 | Austria | M/F | 42.2 | 43.8 | 50 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Malek et al. [84] | 2019 | Iran | M/F | 37.4 | 45.7 | 170 | Vit D |
| Menegati et al. [85] | 2016 | Brazil | F | 38.9 | 52.2 | 25 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Mihmanli et al. [86] | 2017 | Turkey | M/F | 37 | 49 | 119 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Moore et al. [87] | 2014 | USA | F | 40.5 | 46.2 | 11 | Vit D, PTH |
| Kosisochi et al. [88] | 2014 | USA | F | 44.6 | 46.7 | 34 | Ca, Mg, VitD, PTH |
| Entrenas et al. [89] | 2017 | Spain | M/F | 41 | 45.5 | 46 | Vit D |
| Ong et al. [90] | 2018 | Singapore | M/F | 40.4 | 40.1 | 111 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Pellitero et al. [16] | 2017 | Spain | M/F | 49.3 | 46.7 | 176 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Perin et al. [91] | 2018 | USA | M/F | 43.1 | 46.2 | 47 | Vit D |
| Marengo et al. [92] | 2017 | Spain | F | 46.3 | 42.9 | 38 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Ben-Porat et al. [15] | 2016 | Israel | M/F | 36.5 | 42.9 | 192 | Vit D, PTH |
| Quraishi et al. [93] | 2014 | USA | M/F | 47.2 | 47.2 | 385 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Raoof et al. [94] | 2016 | Sweden | F | 41.6 | 44.5 | 32 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Rodríguez et al. [95] | 2014 | Spain | M/F | 44.18 | 46.8 | 110 | Vit D, PTH |
| Ruiz-Tovar et al. [96] | 2013 | SPAIN | M/F | 43.6 | 51.2 | 42 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Rutte et al. [97] | 2014 | Netherlands | M/F | 42.7 | 46.2 | 200 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Sánchez et al. [98] | 2016 | Chile | F | 36 | 43.1 | 103 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Schaaf et al. [99] | 2017 | France | M/F | 41.7 | 40.9 | 258 | Vit D |
| Schafer et al. [100] | 2016 | USA | M/F | 45.4 | 44.7 | 33 | Vit D, PTH |
| Schijns et al. [101] | 2018 | Netherlands | M/F | 46 | 44.2 | 569 | Vit D |
| Schijns wt al. [102] | 2016 | Netherlands | M/F | 47.1 | 44.7 | 75 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Shahraki et al. [103] | Iran | M/F | 35.6 | 43.8 | 33 | Vit D | |
| Sundbom et al. [104] | 2016 | Sweden | M/F | 39.7 | 42.7 | 26 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Svanevik et al. [105] | 2019 | Norway | M/F | 40 | 53.4 | 56 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Santos et al. [106] | 2018 | Brazil | F | 45 | 31.7 | 49 | Vit D |
| Vilarrasa et al. [107] | 2013 | Spain | F | 47.7 | 47.9 | 33 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Vinolas et al. [108] | 2019 | France | M/F | 44 | 45.4 | 58 | Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Vivan et al. [39] | 2019 | Brazil | M/F | 44.9 | 49.3 | 291 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Vix et al. [109] | 2014 | France | M/F | 35.1 | 46 | 50 | Vit D, PTH |
| Wei et al. [110] | 2018 | Taiwan | M/F | 34.2 | 39.4 | 1,470 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Worm et al. [111] | 2015 | Denmark | M/F | 43.3 | 47.2 | 417 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Yu et al. [112] | 2015 | USA | M/F | 47 | 45 | 30 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Zarshenas et al. [113] | 2016 | Australia | M/F | 51.9 | 42.8 | 91 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Zubiaga Toro et al. [114] | 2014 | Spain | F | 47.7 | 50.4 | 50 | Vit D |
| Lancha et al. [115] | 2014 | Spain | M/F | 44 | 42 | 40 | Ca, Vit D, PTH |
| Wolf et al. [116] | 2015 | Germany | M/F | 46 | 45 | 38 | Ca, Mg, Vit D, PTH |
| Peterson et al. [10] | 2016 | USA | M/F | 42.6 | 46.3 | 58 | Vit D |
| Topaloglu et al. [117] | 2019 | Turkey | M/F | 38 | 44.3 | 199 | Vit D |
| Blom-Hogestol et al. [118] | 2019 | Norway | M/F | 50.3 | 35.6 | 122 | Vit D |
| Jonas et al. [119] | 2019 | Poland | M/F | 41.49 | 46.85 | 55 | Vit D |
| Loureiro et al. [120] | 2019 | Brazil | M/F | 38.86 | 42.9 | 223 | Vit D |
| Ben-Porat et al. [17] | 2019 | Israel | M/F | 36.5 | 42.4 | 722 | Vit D |
| Ministrini et al. [121] | 2020 | Italy | M/F | 43.5 | 45.5 | 152 | Vit D |
| Damms-Machado et al. [14] | 2012 | Germany | M/F | 44 | 51 | 54 | Vit D |
| Belfiore et al. [122] | 2015 | Italy | M/F | 34.9 | 45.9 | 47 | Vit D |
| Capoccia et al. [123] | 2012 | Italy | M/F | 43.9 | 44.4 | 138 | Vit D |
| Toh et al. [124] | 2009 | Australia | M/F | 46 | 51 | 188 | Vit D |
| Chan et al. [125] | 2015 | USA | M/F | 48 | 54.1 | 134 | Vit.D |
| Grace et al. [30] | 2014 | UK | M/F | 44 | 52.6 | 118 | Vit.D, Ca |
| Salazar et al. [126] | 2020 | Portugal | M/F | 41 | 43.6 | 290 | Vit.D |
| Fox et al. [127] | 2020 | UK | M/F | 48 | 50 | 460 | Vit.D, Ca, PTH |
| Silveira et al. [128] | 2021 | Brazil | M/F | 40 | 41 | 150 | Vit.D |
| Pinto et al. [129] | 2020 | Brazil | M/F | 38.7 | 42.3 | 50 | Vit.D |
| Wang et al. [130] | 2020 | China | M/F | 46 | 31.37 | 230 | Vit.D, Ca, PTH |
| Altaw et al. [131] | 2021 | Saudi Arabia | M/F | 31.3 | 44.95 | 143 | Vit.D, Ca |
| Pellergini et al. [132] | 2021 | Italy | M/F | 43.2 | 42.8 | 200 | Vit.D, Ca, Mg |
| Ballesteros-Pomar et al. [133] | 2016 | Spain | M/F | 43.2 | 50.1 | 299 | Vit.D |
| Van der Beek et al. [134] | 2015 | Netherland | M/F | 47.3 | 45.3 | 427 | Vit.D |
| Duran et al. [135] | 2019 | Turkey | M/F | 41.5 | 47.9 | 73 | Vit.D |
| Pilone et al. [136] | 2020 | Italy | M/F | 34.9 | 44.3 | 206 | Vit.D |
| Kessler et al. [137] | 2020 | Israel | M/F | 46.1 | 42.0 | 86 | Vit.D |
| Almesri et al. [138] | 2020 | Bahrain | M/F | 33.1 | 46 | 314 | Vit.D |
| Lefebvre et al. [9] | 2014 | France | M/F | 40.5 | 43.2 | 267 | Vit.D |
| Lin et al. [139] | 2011 | USA | F | 33.8 | 47.5 | 20 | Vit.D |
| Moizé et al. [140] | 2013 | Spain | M/F | 45.8 | 49.5 | 355 | Vit.D |
| Nath et al. [141] | 2019 | USA | M/F | 46.7 | 49.3 | 271 | Vit.D |
| Wang et al. [142] | 2016 | China | M/F | 33.3 | 39.3 | 211 | Vit.D |
| Peterson et al. [143] | 2018 | USA | M/F | 43 | 46.3 | 265 | Vit D |
LRYGB, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; LSG, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; AGB, adjustable gastric banding; BPD, biliopancreatic diversion.