Table 2.
Comparison of symptomatic DRT against non-symptomatic DRT
| Overall N = 176 |
Symptomatic DRT N = 25 |
Non-symptomatic DRT N = 151 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max. Follow-Up after LAAC (days) | 865 ± 638 | 783 ± 611 | 881 ± 645 | 0.55 |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 76.0 ± 8.4 | 73.9 ± 8.2 | 76.4 ± 8.4 | 0.15 |
| Male | 115 (65.3%) | 20 (80.0%) | 95 (62.9%) | 0.10 |
| Paroxysmal AF | 57 (32.4%) | 4 (16.0%) | 53 (35.1%) | 0.06 |
| Non-paroxysmal AF | 119 (67.6%) | 21 (84.0%) | 98 (64.9%) | |
| Arterial hypertension | 150 (85.2%) | 24 (96.0%) | 126 (83.4%) | 0.10 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 42 (23.9%) | 9 (36.0%) | 33 (21.9%) | 0.12 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 87 (49.4%) | 16 (64.0%) | 71(47.0%) | 0.12 |
| HAS-BLED-Score | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 0.41 |
| ATRIA-Score | 7.7 ± 2.2 | 7.6 ± 2.5 | 7.7 ± 2.2 | 0.59 |
| R2CHADS2-Score | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 0.27 |
| CHADS2-Score | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 0.14 |
| CHA2DS2-VASC-Score | 4.4 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 0.47 |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 60.4 ± 23.6 | 67.4 ± 22.5 | 59.1 ± 23.7 | 0.16 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 53.6 ± 10.8 | 50.0 ± 9.1 | 54.2 ± 11.0 | 0.03 |
| LV volume diastolic (ml) | 94.5 ± 35.3 | 110.0 ± 32.3 | 92.2 ± 35.4 | 0.15 |
| LV volume systolic (ml) | 46.4 ± 24.3 | 57.8 ± 23.6 | 44.6 ± 24.1 | 0.10 |
| LA volume diastolic (ml) | 92.7 ± 54.4 | 104.3 ± 20.1 | 91.0 ± 57.9 | 0.20 |
| E/E’ ratio | 13.5 ± 7.1 | 13.1 ± 6.5 | 13.6 ± 7.2 | 0.99 |
| SEC (I-III°) | 49 (45.8%) | 6 (40.0%) | 43 (46.7%) | 0.63 |
| Occluder and position | ||||
| Pacifier occluder | 111 (63.1%) | 15 (13.5%) | 96 (86.5%) | 0.73 |
| Non-pacifier occluder | 65 (36.9%) | 10 (15.4%) | 54 (84.6%) | |
| Occluder size (mm) | 25.3 ± 3.8 | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 25.4 ± 3.9 | 0.93 |
| Complete occlusion* | 149 (85.6%) | 20 (80.0%) | 129 (86.6%) | 0.39 |
| Ostial position (LUPV ≤ 10 mm) | 35 (35.0%) | 4 (28.6%) | 31 (36.0%) | 0.59 |
| LUPV ridge length (mm) | 12.1 ± 8.5 | 13.6 ± 8.2 | 11.8 ± 8.6 | 0.40 |
| Implant depth towards mitral annulus (mm) | 3.3 ± 3.9 | 2.9 ± 3.5 | 3.4 ± 4.0 | 0.71 |
| DRT characteristics | ||||
| Size vertically (mm) | 11.2 ± 6.8 | 13.0 ± 7.5 | 10.9 ± 6.7 | 0.22 |
| Size horizontally (mm) | 13.2 ± 12.1 | 14.9 ± 16.2 | 12.9 ± 11.3 | 0.51 |
| Position on occluder | ||||
| Valvular | 14 (10.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | 13 (11.7%) | 0.64 |
| Central | 61 (47.3%) | 8 (44.4%) | 53 (47.7%) | |
| Ridge | 54 (41.9%) | 9 (50.0%) | 45 (40.5%) |
AF atrial fibrillation, DRT device-related thrombosis, GFR glomerular filtration rate, LA left atrium, LAA left atrial appendage, LAAC left atrial appendage closure, LUPV left upper pulmonary vein, LV left ventricle, SE systemic embolism, SEC spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, TIA transient ischemic attack
*Complete occlusion is defined as residual peridevice flow < 3 mm