Table 2.
Longitudinal changes in magnetic resonance biomarkers at baseline and at 12-month follow-up
| All subjects (n=112) | P-value | Functional stability group (n=38) | P-value | Functional decline group (n=74) | P-value | DMD 12-month follow-up | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Stability | Decline | |||||
| T1 (ms) | ||||||||||||
| Flexors | 1185.12±212.50 | 1105.96±227.99 | 0.005 | 1264.64±128.26 | 1238.08±183.95 | 0.339 | 1144.29±235.26 | 1038.12±219.40 | 0.005 | 21.77±175.94 | −79.16±200.47 | 0.049 |
| Extensors | 1069.37±271.87 | 945.35±319.75 | 0.003 | 1226.48±196.32 | 1152.63±212.56 | 0.096 | 988.69±270.94 | 838.91±314.18 | 0.004 | 13.92±196.10 | −124.01±250.85 | 0.097 |
| Adductors | 1096.81±263.40 | 991.06±284.38 | 0.005 | 1226.65±208.11 | 1204.94±222.19 | 0.575 | 1030.14±265.07 | 881.23±248.81 | 0.001 | 57.31±210.13 | −105.75±197.08 | 0.001 |
| Abductors | 1065.35±318.47 | 912.33±366.95 | 0.001 | 1231.08±187.30 | 1185.58±224.34 | 0.299 | 982.48±338.59 | 772.02±347.00 | 0.000 | 83.81±373.80 | −143.50±276.25 | 0.001 |
| Fat fraction (%) | ||||||||||||
| Flexors | 18.64%±16.00% | 26.23%±18.06% | 0.000 | 8.64%±11.47% | 13.26%±13.54% | 0.015 | 23.77%±15.62% | 32.89%±16.45% | 0.000 | 2.47%±4.38% | 7.59%±7.84% | 0.001 |
| Extensors | 31.86%±17.78% | 43.07%±21.01% | 0.000 | 19.50%±13.59% | 25.22%±16.16% | 0.082 | 38.20%±16.33% | 52.54%±16.96% | 0.000 | 4.43%±6.75% | 11.22%±9.16% | 0.000 |
| Adductors | 27.83%±19.51% | 39.93%±22.37% | 0.000 | 14.31%±14.37% | 21.38%±18.37% | 0.053 | 34.78%±18.16% | 49.46%±17.84% | 0.000 | 4.63%±6.08% | 12.10%±8.60% | 0.000 |
| Abductors | 29.93%±22.60% | 46.44%±25.55% | 0.000 | 13.44%±13.99% | 24.73%±19.52% | 0.002 | 38.40%±21.52% | 57.58%±20.70% | 0.000 | 8.15%±9.61¥ | 16.51%±13.27% | 0.001 |
DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy