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. 2023 Nov 3;30(56):118872–118880. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30476-x

Table 2.

Values δ15N as N source proxies obtained from coral reef organisms in different localities

Source Organism Average δ15N ‰ Trend δ15N ‰ Location Reference
Mín. Max.
Wastewater Hermatypic coral - +4.2 +9.3 Indopacific Heikoop et al. (2000)
Hermatypic coral +8.4 ±2.2 +4.2 +14.0 Sanur, Bali, Indonesia Marion et al. (2005)
Gorgonian - +2.7 +4.7 Florida Reef Tract, Florida, E.U. Ward-Paige et al. (2005)
Seagrass +9.1 - - Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico Carruthers et al. (2005)
Gorgonian +7.5 ±0.3 +2 +10 FL, USA Sherwood et al. (2010)*
Gorgonian +3.3 +2.2 +4.3 Akumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico Baker et al. (2010)
Hermatypic coral +4.2 ±0.6 +2.8 +5.8 Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico This study
Precipitation Seagrass +0.55 - −1.83 +3.02 Cayo Coco, Cuba González-De Zayas et al. (2011)
Macroalgas +2.67 - +1.02 +4.17
Fertilizers Hermatypic coral +7.3 +15.1 +3.5 Lovina, Bali, Indonesia Marion et al. (2005)
Fertilizers Gorgonia +3.8 +1.3 +7.0 Antilles, North Atlantic and Yucatan, Caribbean Baker et al. (2013)
Upwelling Hermatypic coral 3.7 +0.8 +8.3 Okinotori, Japan Yamasaki et al. (2011)