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. 2023 Jul 13;24(6):1075–1088. doi: 10.1007/s11154-023-09823-3

Table 2.

Risk of bias assessment by Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Studies with total score 8 or greater (n = 11/12) are considered to be at low risk of bias

Study Selection
(Maximum: ★★★★)
Comparability
(Maximum: ★★)
Outcome
(Maximum: ★★★)
Total
Goldfine ★★★ ★★ ★★★ 8/9
Guarino ★★★★ ★★ ★★★ 9/9
Kellogg ★★★ ★★ ★★★ 8/9
Laurenius ★★★★ ★★ ★★★ 9/9
Lobato ★★★ ★★ ★★★ 8/9
Poitou ★★★★ ★★★ 8/9
Salehi 2014a ★★★★ ★★ ★★★ 9/9
Salehi 2014b ★★★ ★★ ★★★ 8/9
Salehi 2019 ★★★★ ★★ ★★★ 9/9
Soeby ★★★ ★★ ★★★ 8/9
Tharakan ★★ ★★ ★★★ 7/9
Vaurs ★★★★ ★★ ★★★ 9/9