Table 5.

FE models predicting the fertility rate using abortion policy index 3, 1992–2015

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
	Without imputation		With multiple imputation
Abortion policy index 3	− 0.170	− 0.082	− 0.155	− 0.083
	(0.111)	(0.063)	(0.122)	(0.060)
Control variables
Mean abortion policy index 3 in neighbouring countries	0.048	− 0.108	0.060	− 0.254*
	(0.222)	(0.116)	(0.220)	(0.124)
GDP per capita logged	0.133	0.097	0.207**	0.098
	(0.135)	(0.073)	(0.074)	(0.057)
Ratio female/male labour force participation	0.002	− 0.000	0.002	0.000
	(0.003)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.001)
Infant mortality logged	− 0.014	− 0.113	− 0.139	− 0.038
	(0.131)	(0.079)	(0.114)	(0.066)
Per cent urban population	− 0.023**	− 0.001	− 0.021**	0.012
	(0.008)	(0.012)	(0.007)	(0.013)
Median age of the population	0.036*	0.016	0.013	0.038
	(0.016)	(0.022)	(0.016)	(0.028)
Physicians per capita logged	− 0.078	− 0.004	− 0.109*	− 0.014
	(0.050)	(0.024)	(0.048)	(0.023)
Average years of women’s education	− 0.415***	− 0.351**	− 0.234**	− 0.059*
	(0.102)	(0.115)	(0.071)	(0.026)
Contraceptive use	− 0.027***	− 0.028***	− 0.023***	− 0.016***
	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.004)
Women civil liberty index	− 0.725**	− 0.017	− 0.546*	− 0.029
	(0.270)	(0.140)	(0.210)	(0.087)
Country FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Country-specific linear time trend	No	Yes	No	Yes
Constant	7.507***	22.476	6.470***	97.642***
	(1.514)	(23.969)	(0.967)	(15.501)
N	3182	3182	4295	4295
Countries	144	144	182	182

Standard errors in parentheses; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. Robust standard errors are clustered at the country level