Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with stress urinary incontinence who received surgical treatment.
| Characteristicsa | Available N (%) | Overall (N = 1961) | Patients without 5-year surgical complications (N = 1868) | Patients with 5-year surgical complicationsb (N = 93) | P-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | |||||
| Age (years) | 1961 (100.0) | 53.5 (46.4, 64.0) | 53.1 (46.3, 63.7) | 60.3 (51.4, 68.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Age > 65 years | 438 (22.3) | 400 (21.4) | 38 (40.9) | < 0.0001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 844 (43.0) | 24.5 (22.3, 27.1) | 24.5 (22.3, 27.1) | 25.0 (22.8, 28.0) | 0.3993 |
| Baseline comorbiditiesd | 1961 (100.0) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 178 (9.1) | 165 (8.8) | 13 (14.0) | 0.0918 | |
| Hypertension | 274 (14.0) | 259 (13.9) | 15 (16.1) | 0.5388 | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 102 (5.2) | 95 (5.1) | 7 (7.5) | 0.3008 | |
| Psychosis | |||||
| Depression | 35 (1.8) | 32 (1.7) | 3 (3.2) | 0.2822 | |
| Anxiety | 82 (4.2) | 80 (4.3) | 2 (2.2) | 0.3161 | |
| Schizophrenia | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.8234 | |
| Affective psychosis | 33 (1.7) | 30 (1.6) | 3 (3.2) | 0.2359 | |
| Organic psychosis | 18 (0.9) | 16 (0.9) | 2 (2.2) | 0.2016 | |
| Other psychosis | 54 (2.8) | 51 (2.7) | 3 (3.2) | 0.7756 | |
| Menopausal syndrome | 194 (9.9) | 179 (9.6) | 15 (16.1) | 0.0390 | |
| Constipation | 140 (7.1) | 131 (7.0) | 9 (9.7) | 0.3300 | |
| History of medication usee | 1961 (100.0) | ||||
| Antihypertensive | |||||
| ACEI | 42 (2.1) | 42 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.1438 | |
| ARB | 104 (5.3) | 99 (5.3) | 5 (5.4) | 0.9743 | |
| Diuretic | 660 (33.7) | 632 (33.8) | 28 (30.1) | 0.4581 | |
| Antidiabetic | |||||
| OAD | 80 (4.1) | 72 (3.9) | 8 (8.6) | 0.0239 | |
| Insulin | 164 (8.4) | 153 (8.2) | 11 (11.8) | 0.2162 | |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 285 (14.5) | 255 (13.7) | 30 (32.3) | < 0.0001 | |
| Baseline biochemical profilesf | |||||
| Glucose AC (mg/dL) | 1883 (96.0) | 97.0 (88.0, 114.0) | 97.0 (88.0, 114.0) | 100.0 (89.0, 112.0) | 0.9365 |
| Glucose random (mg/dL) | 420 (21.4) | 122.0 (105.0, 154.0) | 121.0 (105.0, 154.0) | 134.0 (108.0, 157.0) | 0.2876 |
| AST (IU/L) | 1951 (99.5) | 22.0 (19.0, 26.0) | 22.0 (19.0, 27.0) | 22.0 (19.0, 25.0) | 0.4061 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 1953 (99.6) | 19.0 (15.0, 26.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 26.0) | 20.0 (15.0, 23.0) | 0.6926 |
| CBC-I | |||||
| WBC (103/μL) | 1956 (99.7) | 6.5 (5.4, 7.7) | 6.5 (5.4, 7.7) | 6.4 (5.6, 7.5) | 0.7959 |
| RBC (106/μL) | 1954 (99.6) | 4.4 (4.2, 4.7) | 4.4 (4.2, 4.7) | 4.4 (4.1, 4.7) | 0.1403 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 1959 (99.9) | 13.0 (12.2, 13.7) | 13.0 (12.2, 13.7) | 13.1 (12.1, 13.6) | 0.7698 |
| HCT (%) | 1954 (99.6) | 38.9 (36.6, 40.7) | 38.9 (36.6, 40.7) | 38.6 (36.9, 40.5) | 0.5898 |
| Platelet count (103/μL) | 1954 (99.6) | 245.0 (207.0, 287.0) | 245.0 (208.0, 288.0) | 234.0 (195.0, 281.0) | 0.1011 |
| MCV (fL) | 1953 (99.6) | 88.3 (84.0, 91.3) | 88.3 (83.9, 91.2) | 88.9 (86.1, 91.5) | 0.0920 |
| MCH (pg) | 1953 (99.6) | 29.7 (28.0, 30.8) | 29.7 (28.0, 30.8) | 30.0 (28.9, 30.8) | 0.1665 |
| MCHC (g/dL) | 1953 (99.6) | 33.5 (32.7, 34.1) | 33.5 (32.7, 34.1) | 33.6 (32.8, 34.2) | 0.6849 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1955 (99.7) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.0609 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)g | 1955 (99.7) | 99.2 (85.6, 107.3) | 99.5 (86.3, 107.5) | 91.8 (76.7, 101.8) | < 0.0001 |
| CKD Stage | 1955 (99.7) | 0.0428 | |||
| 1, 2 (eGFR ≥ 60) | 1869 (95.6) | 1784 (95.8) | 85 (91.4) | ||
| 3, 4, 5 (eGFR < 60) | 86 (4.4) | 78 (4.2) | 8 (8.6) | ||
| Surgical information | |||||
| Surgical duration (h) | 1961 (100.0) | 1.5 (0.8, 3.0) | 1.4 (0.8, 3.0) | 2.2 (1.0, 3.0) | 0.0831 |
| ASA score ≥ 3 | 1781 (90.8) | 148 (8.3) | 140 (8.2) | 8 (10.0) | 0.5752 |
| Wound contamination class | 1736 (88.5) | 0.7629 | |||
| Clean | 139 (8.0) | 134 (8.1) | 5 (6.4) | ||
| Clean contaminated | 1462 (84.2) | 1394 (84.1) | 68 (87.2) | ||
| Contaminated | 135 (7.8) | 130 (7.8) | 5 (6.4) | ||
| General anesthesia | 1937 (98.8) | 1848 (98.9) | 89 (95.7) | 0.0057 | |
| Sling type | 1758 (89.6) | 0.0777 | |||
| TOT | 620 (35.3) | 601 (35.7) | 19 (25.7) | ||
| TVT-O | 1138 (64.7) | 1083 (64.3) | 55 (74.3) | ||
| Report of urodynamic testingh | |||||
| Uroflowmetry | |||||
| Maximum flow rate (ml/s) | 1846 (94.1) | 21.0 (16.4, 26.1) | 21.0 (16.6, 26.2) | 19.1 (14.0, 26.0) | 0.0846 |
| Average flow rate (ml/s) | 1846 (94.1) | 10.0 (7.0, 12.3) | 10.0 (7.0, 12.4) | 8.0 (5.0, 12.0) | 0.0004 |
| Voiding volume (ml) | 1846 (94.1) | 256.5 (211.0, 307.0) | 257.0 (212.0, 307.0) | 249.5 (200.0, 311.0) | 0.4712 |
| Voiding time (s) | 1846 (94.1) | 33.6 (23.6, 48.4) | 33.0 (23.6, 47.8) | 45.4 (30.4, 64.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Residual urine or residual volume (ml) | 1846 (94.1) | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 10.0 (5.0, 10.0) | 10.0 (5.0, 10.0) | 10.0 (5.0, 30.0) | 0.0001 | |
| Mean (standard deviation) | 15.7 (26.4) | 14.9 (24.9) | 30.8 (44.8) | 0.0001 | |
| Urethra pressure profile | |||||
| Maximum urethral closure pressure (cm H2O) | 1844 (94.0) | 58.0 (45.0, 76.0) | 58.0 (44.0, 76.0) | 58.0 (45.0, 73.0) | 0.7728 |
| Functional length (cm) | 1843 (94.0) | 3.3 (2.8, 3.9) | 3.3 (2.8, 3.9) | 3.2 (2.8, 3.8) | 0.7651 |
| Length of continence zone (cm) | 1665 (84.9) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.1) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.1) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | 0.9823 |
aCategorical variables are presented as frequencies (%) and continuous variables are presented as medians (Q1, Q3), if not otherwise specified.
bThe 5-year surgical complications included secondary surgery and urine retention.
cP-values are calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.
dDiabetes mellitus and hypertension were defined as having the respective diagnosis and medication within 1 year before the index date. Cardiovascular diseases, psychosis, menopause syndrome and constipation were defined by the diagnosis within 1 year before the index date. Stroke history was defined as having the diagnosis before the index date. Detailed definitions are listed in the Supplemental Table 1.
eMedication use within 1 year before the index date.
fBiochemical values measured within 1 year prior to and closest to the index date.
geGFR is calculated using the CKD-EPI Eq. (141 × min(S-Cre/κ, 1)α × max(S-Cre/κ, 1) − 1.209 × 0.993age × 1.018 [if female] × 1.159 [if black]).
hUrodynamic testing within the 3-year period prior to and closest to the index date.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ASA, American society of anesthesiologists; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CBC, complete blood count; CKD, chronic kidney disease; Glucose AC, glucose ante cibum; h, hours; HCT, hematocrit; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; OAD, oral antidiabetic agent; RBC, red blood cell; TOT, transobturator tape; TVT-O, tension-free vaginal tape-obturator; WBC, white blood cell.