Table 1.

Assessment of accuracy, tooth structure loss, and success rate on RCT or retreatment by different DGT methods ex vivo

Order	Authors	Samples	Method	Mean linear deviation/mm	Mean angular deviation/°	Substance Loss/mm3	Success rate/%
1	Buchgreitz J, et al.126	48 teeth mounted in acrylic blocks	SGE	<0.7 mm	N/A	N/A	N/A
2	Zehnder MS, et al.14	60 single rooted teeth in maxillary models	SGE	mesial/distal (base) 0.21 buccal/palatal(base) 0.2 apical/coronal(base) 0.16 mesial/distal (tip) 0.29 buccal/palatal (tip) 0.47 apical/coronal (tip) 0.17	1.81	N/A	100
3	Connert T, et al.34	60 anterior teeth in mandibular models	SGE	mesial/distal (base) 0.12 buccal/oral (base) 0.13 apical/coronal(base) 0.12 mesial/distal (tip) 0.14 buccal/oral (tip) 0.34 apical/coronal (tip) 0.12	1.59	N/A	100
4	Zhang C, et al.105	40 single-rooted premolars in epoxy model	SGE	mesial/distal (base) 0.28 buccal/lingual (base) 0.25 mesial/distal (tip) 0.30 buccal/lingual (tip) 0.28	3.62	N/A	100
5	Su Y, et al.103	36 anterior teeth, 24 premolars, and 24 molars in maxillary and mandible models	SGE	anterior (base) 0.09 premolar (base) 0.07 molar (base) 0.22 anterior (tip) 0.28 premolar (tip) 0.40 molar (tip) 0.64	anterior 1.73 premolar 2.23 molar 4.00	N/A	71.8
6	Connert T, et al.99	48 printed incisors with calcified canals	SGE	N/A	N/A	9.8	91.7
			FH			49.9*	41.7*
7	Loureiro MAZ, et al.127	20 mandibular incisors and upper molars	SGE	N/A	N/A	incisor 26.5 molar 45.7	N/A
			FH			incisor 31.7 molar 62.5*
8	Kostunov J, et al.98	typodont teeth with 30 canals in acrylic resin model	SGE	N/A	N/A	incisor 10.3 premolar 29.3 molar 51.8	N/A
			FH			incisor 16.1* premolar 44.2* molar 99.3*
9	Jain SD, et al.101	84 printed teeth with calcified canals in maxillary and mandibular models	DGE (Navident)	anterior (base) 1.0 premolar (base) 1.2 molar (base) 1.0 anterior (tip) 1.3 premolar (tip) 1.1 molar (tip) 1.4	anterior 1.53 premolar 1.38 molar 1.89	N/A	100
10	Torres A, et al.128	132 printed teeth with calcified canals in maxillary or mandibular models	DGE (Navident)	anterior 1.77 premolar 1.54 molar 1.37	anterior 2.68 premolar 2.73 molar 3.01	N/A	93
11	Gambarini G, et al.104	132 artificial teeth in silicon bases	DGE (Navident)	0.34	4.8	N/A	N/A
			FH	0.88^	21.2^
12	Dianat O, et al.129	60 single-rooted teeth with calcified canals in cadaver jaws	DGE (X-guide)	mesial/distal 0.12 buccal/lingual 0.19	2.39	N/A	96.6
			FH	mesial/distal 0.31^ buccal/lingual 0.81^	7.25^		83.3
13	Jain SD, et al.102	40 3D printed teeth with calcified canals in maxillary or mandibular models	DGE (Navident)	N/A	N/A	Maxilla 35.5 Mandible 19.0	90
			FH			Maxilla 62.2^ Mandible 19.1	85
14	Connert T, et al.100	72 typodont teeth on models	DGE (DENACAM)	N/A	N/A	10.5	97.2
			FH			29.7^	97.2
15	Zubizarreta-Macho Á, et al.130	30 single rooted anterior teeth in epoxy resin models	SGE	base 7.44 tip 7.13	10.04	N/A	N/A
			DGE (Navident)	base 3.14 tip 2.48	5.58
			FH	base 4.03*^ tip 2.43*^	14.95*^
16	Ali A, et al.66	30 mandibular premolars with MTA placement at 3 mm below CEJ	SGE	N/A	N/A	N/A	100%
			FH				86.7%*
17	Perez C, et al.63	40 teeth with RCT, fiber posts, and composite build-ups	SGE	mesial/distal (coronal) 0.28 buccal/oral (coronal) 0.23 global (coronal) 0.39 mesial/distal (apical) 0.26 buccal/oral (apical) 0.24 global (apical) 0.40	N/A	N/A	87.5%
			FH
18	Janabi A, et al.62	26 maxillary teeth with RCT, fiber posts, and core build-ups	DGE (X-guide)	global (coronal) 0.91 global (apical) 1.17	1.75	54.63	N/A
			FH	global (coronal) 1.13* global (apical) 1.68*	4.49	38.18

SGE static guided endodontics, DGE dynamic guided endodontics, FH freehand, MTA mineral trioxide aggregate, CEJ cementoenamel junction, *P < 0.05 as compared to SGE, ^P < 0.05 as compared to DGE