Fig. 7.

Levels of PAA in portal veins and its association with hepatic PPARG2 activation. A: PAA levels were determined in the blood collected from portal veins using a GC-MS. Their averages were presented with SEM (n = 6–7). B: Hepa1-6, a mouse hepatoma cell line, cells were treated with PAA for indicated time points. Levels of mRNA of the indicated genes were quantified by quantitative PCR analysis from triplicates. Statistical results are from comparison of both Pparg2 and Fsp27 with 0 time points (n = 3). C and D: Expression of hepatic genes associated with microbial PAA was assessed in WT and Shp^−/− mice fed CD or WD from separately grouped (C) and cohoused strategies (D) using quantitative PCR analysis (n = 5–8). Two-way ANOVA or Student's t-test was performed to evaluate statistical significance. #comparison with CD, ∗comparison with WT counterparts. Three symbols represent P < 0.005, two symbols P < 0.01, and one symbol P < 0.05.