Table 2.
Summary details of studies comparing the energy requirements of phaco-chop and divide-and-conquer phacoemulsification.
| Study | Year | Machine | Technique | Mean cataract grade | Mean effective phaco time (s) | Mean phaco time (s) | Mean phaco energy/power | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| El-Sobky et al. [5] | 2016 | Geuder Megatron G | PC (n = 25) | 2.5 (LOCS III) | 12.6 | 18 | – | Reduced phaco-time (p < 0.001) and EFT (p < 0.001) for phaco-chop technique |
| DQ (n = 25) | 2.6 (LOCS III) | 19.9 | 27.7 | – | ||||
| El-Din Farahat et al. [6] | 2016 | Geuder Megatron s3 | PC (n = 15) | 3 (LOCS III) | 22.57 | – | – | Reduced EFT (p < 0.001) for phaco-chop technique |
| DQ (n = 15) | 3 (LOCS III) | 48.47 | – | – | ||||
| Elnaby et al. [7] | 2008 | Geuder Megatron G | PC (n = 7) | N1 (LOCS III) | 14.57 | – | 1559.14 J | Reduced EFT (p < 0.033) for phaco-chop technique |
| DQ (n = 8) | N1 (LOCS III) | 21.62 | – | 2313.87 J | N1: 33% reduction in phaco energy using phaco-chop | |||
| PC (n = 14) | N2 (LOCS III) | 17.5 | – | 1872.5 J | N2: 22% reduction in phaco energy using phaco-chop | |||
| DQ (n = 13) | N2 (LOCS III) | 22.38 | – | 2395.15 J | N3: 7% reduction in phaco energy using phaco-chop | |||
| PC (n = 4) | N3 (LOCS III) | 34.25 | – | 3664.75 J | No statistical analysis of phaco energy | |||
| DQ (n = 4) | N3 (LOCS III) | 36.75 | – | 3932.25 J | ||||
| Wong et al. [8] | 2000 | Series 20,000 Legacy phacoemulsification unit (Alcon Laboratories) | ||||||
| (a) | PC (n = 75) | 1.52 (LOCS) | 23.4 | 84 | 26.90% | Reduced mean phaco time (p < 0.0001) and EFT (p < 0.0001) for phaco-chop | ||
| DQ (n = 50) | 1.66 (LOCS) | 58.8 | 204 | 28.60% | No difference in mean phaco power (p = 0.0701) | |||
| (b) | PC (n = 62) | 1.7 (LOCS) | 17.4 | 72 | 25.30% | Reduced mean phaco time (p < 0.001) and EFT (p = 0.01) for phaco-chop technique | ||
| DQ (n = 55) | 1.7 (LOCS) | 50.4 | 144 | 35.10% | Reduced phaco energy for phaco-chop technique (p < 0.001) | |||
| Storr-Paulsen et al. [9] | 2008 | Storz Millennium phacoemulsification machine (Bausch & Lomb, Inc.) | PC (n = 60) | 2.9 (Emery scale) | 3.98 | – | – | Reduced EFT (p < 0.0001) for phaco-chop technique |
| DQ (n = 60) | 2.8 (Emery scale) | 12.79 | – | – | ||||
| Yigit et al. [10] | 2019 | Bausch & Lomb Stellaris, Inc | PC (n = 50) | 3.7 (LOCS III) | 22.54 | 41.2 | 30.20% | Reduced mean phaco time (p = 0.013) and EFT (p = 0.024) for phaco-chop technique |
| DQ (n = 50) | 3.9 (LOCS III) | 30.62 | 63 | 32.90% | No difference in mean phaco energy (p = 0.0701) | |||
| Prasad et al. [11] | 2020 | – | PC (n = 50) | 2 (LOCS III) | 16.58 | – | – | |
| Reduced EFT (p < 0.0001) for phaco-chop technique | ||||||||
| DQ (n = 50) | 2 (LOCS III) | 27.12 | – | – |
a retrospective, pilot study, b prospective study, DQ divide-and conquer, EFT effective phaco-time, J joules, LOCS Lens Opacities Classification System, PC phaco-chop, PT phaco-time, s seconds.