Table 16.

Optimum control variables for the 30-bus network to minimize fuel cost incorporating RES.

Control variables		AHA	HHO	mAHA	RUN	SCA	SMA	TSA	WOA
$P_{G1}$ (MW)		50.0088	49.9948	49.98839	50.081	57.00786	49.9881	49.96689	49.99327
$P_{G2}$ (MW)		20.854	20.934	20	21.198	20	20	20.35843	21.10691
$P_{G5}$ (MW)		15.819	15.843	15	15.1219	15	15	15	21.50999
$P_{G8}$ (MW)		10.020	11.4317	10	10.2984	10.36853	10	10.71447	10.57424
$P_{G11}$ (MW)		10.644	11.962	10	10.186	10	10	10.61799	12.12357
$P_{G13}$ (MW)		12.086	16.890	12	12.129	13.95048	12	13.45181	14.86889
$V_1$ (pu)		1.0690	1.0008	1.097983	1.0379	0.95	1.06638	1.1	1.054357
$V_2$ (pu)		1.0583	1.0008	1.069677	1.03835	0.950797	1.029039	1.1	1.054776
$V_5$ (pu)		1.0179	1.0008	1.032086	0.99193	0.95	0.95551	1.1	1.053414
$V_8$ (pu)		1.0505	1.0007	0.990876	1.0223	0.95	0.950402	1.094397	1.027675
$V_{11}$ (pu)		1.0749	1.0008	1.084167	1.0589	1.1	1.099997	0.970912	1.017328
$V_{13}$ (pu)		1.0732	1.0007	0.962325	1.05807	1.1	1.016052	0.952825	1.040024
$T_{11}$ (6–9)		1.0225	0.9476	0.936773	0.9593	0.9	0.902039	1.09546	0.982297
$T_{12}$ (6–10)		0.94082	0.9478	0.936659	0.9805	1.052963	0.980577	0.9	1.028309
$T_{15}$ (4–12)		1.05098	0.9476	0.973809	0.9719	0.9	0.900071	1.086499	0.965849
$T_{36}$ (28–27)		0.96415	0.9479	0.969131	0.9749	0.9	0.903438	1.000388	0.97481
$Q_{10}$ (MVAR)		0.29040	2.11484	0.002158	2.40296	0.001897	1.759759	3.993735	1.270587
$Q_{12}$ (MVAR)		4.65015	1.50013	0.443659	4.51577	0	0.891069	2.952478	0.259110
$Q_{15}$ (MVAR)		0.51761	1.20844	0.973196	3.06932	0	0.112644	0.628124	1.662539
$Q_{17}$ (MVAR)		3.69221	1.11494	0.175960	4.27210	0	2.173984	1.053166	1.429225
$Q_{20}$ (MVAR)		2.23819	2.31343	0.809698	2.42469	3.730087	0	0.717806	1.373039
$Q_{21}$ (MVAR)		3.90940	1.91790	0	2.56433	0	1.765240	3.197998	0.905421
$Q_{23}$ (MVAR)		1.35116	1.72040	0.004937	3.40489	0	4.698625	2.068222	3.155766
$Q_{24}$ (MVAR)		1.90978	0.01803	0.024073	2.79847	0	0	4.775684	0
$Q_{29}$ (MVAR)		2.23253	3.24779	4.252973	2.71411	0	3.110186	4.386053	0.393731
DG location and size	Bus No	28	15	15	28	24	19	24	15
	MW	170.302	171.046	186.2956	171.169	178.2762	196.7573	184.2861	166.7311
	MVAr	21.622	32.2690	0.088258	14.7535	0	0	9.509464	15.90822
Fuel cost ($/h)		293.04	320.71	285.8574	291.51	387.2075	285.8574	296.68	330.0022
Power losses (MW)		6.3360	14.703	19.88383	6.78603	21.20309	30.34557	20.99563	13.50795
Voltage deviations (pu)		1.0895	0.38956	0.433301	0.7986	0.631078	0.504542	0.96487	0.578753
Iterations time (s)		52.52	118.6	57.6	99.2	33.6	57	44.044	54.22