Table 7.

Optimum control variables for IEEE 30-bus grid for minifying real power loss.

Control variables	AHA	HHO	mAHA	RUN	SCA	SMA	TSA	WOA	CGSCE50
$P_{G1}$ (MW)	52.3425	51.33418	51.25777	52.16676	59.8116	51.2878	53.889	51.308	51.5010
$P_{G2}$ (MW)	79.7942	80	80	79.7063	78.5750	80	80	80	79.9997
$P_{G5}$ (MW)	49.9318	50	50	49.9449	50	50	48.4452	50	50
$P_{G8}$ (MW)	34.9041	35	34.9999	34.9542	35	35	35	35	34.9999
$P_{G11}$ (MW)	29.6905	30	29.9999	29.9962	23.5632	30	30	30	30
$P_{G13}$ (MW)	39.6394	40	40	39.5551	40	40	39.2044	40	40
$V_1$ (pu)	1.09893	1.1	1.1	1.09122	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0621
$V_2$ (pu)	1.09457	1.1	1.09829	1.08720	1.1	1.0985	1.1	1.1	1.0579
$V_5$ (pu)	1.07498	1.08611	1.08119	1.06905	1.1	1.0828	1.08142	1.08575	1.0385
$V_8$ (pu)	1.08221	1.1	1.08827	1.07432	1.1	1.0890	1.1	1.08995	1.0448
$V_{11}$ (pu)	1.09747	1.1	1.1	1.09716	1.1	1.0996	1.1	1.08898	1.0791
$V_{13}$ (pu)	1.09909	1.1	1.1	1.09850	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.08088	1.0558
$T_{11}$ (6–9)	1.01155	1.01589	1.00979	0.99453	1.08586	0.98000	1.1	1.00356	1.0824
$T_{12}$ (6–10)	0.93759	0.99626	0.95378	0.93651	0.9	1.02196	0.91405	1.00289	0.9017
$T_{15}$ (4–12)	0.99101	0.98397	0.98387	0.98839	0.94535	1.00061	0.98785	0.99901	0.9956
$T_{36}$ (28–27)	0.97091	1.01589	0.98040	0.97522	1.03166	0.97447	1.01656	0.99591	0.9772
$Q_{10}$ (MVAR)	3.89421	5	4.642197	3.39678	0	4.98964	0.76948	5	2.1245
$Q_{12}$ (MVAR)	4.77147	5	4.852034	4.87548	2.73792	4.65688	3.43345	5	2.1490
$Q_{15}$ (MVAR)	3.84970	5	4.773109	3.43138	0	0.33029	2.91064	5	4.2533
$Q_{17}$ (MVAR)	4.12313	5	4.758789	4.90404	1.53436	4.58416	3.51662	5	4.9964
$Q_{20}$ (MVAR)	4.46517	5	4.920185	4.66356	0.828348	3.93139	1.90675	5	3.9417
$Q_{21}$ (MVAR)	4.41188	5	4.999950	4.02067	2.90876	5	1.01628	5	5
$Q_{23}$ (MVAR)	3.26619	4.97466	4.482629	4.63745	0	4.99994	4.34705	5	2.9168
$Q_{24}$ (MVAR)	4.33241	5	4.992978	4.64350	0	4.25083	0.21415	5	4.9992
$Q_{29}$ (MVAR)	2.62251	5	3.373429	3.10008	1.91637	1.39732	4.25971	5	2.3996
Fuel cost ($/h)	964.688	967.266	967.084	965.11	953.377	967.156	958.301	967.205	967.663
Power losses (MW)	2.90269	2.93419	2.85767	2.9237	3.54983	2.88785	3.13870	2.90849	3.10060
Voltage deviations (pu)	1.91941	1.95581	2.04259	1.86249	1.53477	1.86299	1.60215	1.79152	0.89096
Iterations time (s)	47.74	337.6	50.8	58	32.37	33.61	31	34.54	–