Table 3.

Ranges of motion, clinical outcomes, and pain before and after RTSA with custom implant in nine patients with minimum 2 years of follow-up

Outcome	Preoperative	Postoperative	P-value
Range of motion (º)
Abduction	73.9±33.1	95.6±39.7	0.03†
Flexion	73.9±33.1	100.0±40.3	0.03†
External rotation	46.7±16.6	60.0±20.2	0.05
External rotation (arm at side)	10.6±23.8	20.0±21.7	0.24
Internal rotation	17±15.8	6.1±31.6	0.39
Internal rotation (hand behind back)*	Buttock	L4/L5	0.02†
Functional outcome
ASES score	26.6±22.6	68.1±26.6	<0.01†
SST	4.0±3.0	8.0±2.8	0.02†
SANE	34.7±22.0	69.6±27.3	<0.01†
WOOS	32.7±22.2	64.1±27.3	<0.01†
Pain (visual analog scale)	8.2±1.3	1.5±2.3	<0.01†
Report satisfaction	1.6 (1–2)	3.7 (2–5)	<0.01†

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or median (interquartile range).

RTSA: reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, SST: Simple Shoulder Test, SANE: Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, WOOS: Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index.

^*Internal rotation rated ordinally as follows: 1, T10/T11; 2, T12/L1; 3, L2/L3; 4, L4/L5; 5, sacrum; 6, buttock; 7, hip/lateral thigh;

^†Significant value (P<0.05).