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. 2023 Dec 5;14:8054. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43623-2

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Subterranean species exhibit high amount of HMM-HA in their tissues. This is achieved by altering the expression of HAS2 and HYAL genes, combined with positively selected or convergent mutations. HMM-HA confers elasticity to the skin and protects from oxidative stress, both contributing to the adaptation to subterranean habitats. This adaptation may be further coopted to provide cancer resistance and longevity to subterranean species. Red and blue arrows indicate higher and lower expression, respectively. c, convergently evolving genes. *, positively selected genes. x, pseudogenization.