Table 2.
Concentrations of TAM, TMAO, choline, betaine, and L-carnitine in the participants.
| mmol/mol Cr in Urine | HC (n=15) |
Normo (n=26) |
Micro (n=26) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMA | 1.68(1.33,1.83) | 6.75(4.27,8.08)a | 7.23(4.31,15.52)b | <0.001 |
| TMAO | 53.64(23.69,78.35) | 63.53(39.97,106) | 46.48(34.59,66.73) | 0.1665 |
| TMAO/TMA(mol/mol) | 24.61(16.76,37.39) | 12.12(7.24,18.48)a | 7.39(2.57,12.28)b,c | <0.001 |
| Choline | 3.19(2.79,4.6) | 8.72(5.96,14.33)a | 13.18(7.84,21.91)b | <0.001 |
| Betaine | 9.13(7.29,13.25) | 35.61(17.23,74.5)a | 50.11(22.62,82.64)b | <0.001 |
| L-Carnitine | 4.95(2.9,12) | 3.95(1.51,14.41) | 4.46(1.26,14.24) | 0.9204 |
HC, Healthy Controls; Normo, T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria; Micro, T2DM patients with microalbuminuria. aP <0.05: HC versus Normo; bP <0.05: HC versus Microa; cP <0.05: Normo versus Micro.