Table 2.
Baseline work up before surgery.
| Medical history | TIPS cohort (n = 64) | Control cohort (n = 131) |
|---|---|---|
| Median time interval TIPS placement–surgery (days) | 28 (11, 57) | - |
| Relevant ascites present at time of surgery: yes/no/n.a. (n, %) | 33 (52)/31 (49)/0 (0) | 69 (53)/60 (46)/2 (2) |
| Clinical signs of hepatic encephalopathy: yes/no/n.a. (n, %) |
12 (19)/51 (80)/1 (2) |
14 (11)/117 (89)/0 (0) |
| Laboratory values | ||
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 2.1 (1.1, 3,5) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.0) |
| AST (U/L) | 62.0 (37.0, 85.0) | 43.0 (31.0, 67.5) |
| ALT (U/L) | 32.0 (20.1, 58.3) | 26.0 (19.0, 42.0) |
| g-GT (U/L) | 91.0 (59.0, 212.0) | 116.0 (58.0, 219.0) |
| ALP (U/L) | 135.0 (101.5, 215.0) | 115.0 (81.0, 174.0) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 22.0 (19.0, 27.0) | 25.0 (20.0, 32.0) |
| Platelets (1,000/μl) | 106 (78, 160) | 143 (88, 222) |
| INR | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 2.9 (2.3, 3.9) | 3.2 (2.3, 3.7) |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.1 (3.8, 4.2) | 4.1 (3.8, 4.4) |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139 (135, 140) | 138 (135, 141) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.10 (0.72, 1.38) | 1.00 (0.8., 1.30) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 16.0 (5.0, 29.0) | 13.3 (4.0, 78.3) |
| White blood cell count (1,000/μl) | 7.7 (4.8, 10.6) | 7.2 (4.8, 12.4) |
| MELD score | 14.0 (11.0, 17.8) | 11.0 (8.0, 16.0) |
| Child-Pugh score (points) | 7.0 (7.0, 9.0) | 7.0 (6.0, 9.0) |
| Child-Pugh score A/B/C/n.a. (n, %) | 14 (22)/37 (58)/12 (19)/1 (2) | 37 (28)/70 (53)/18 (14)/6 (5) |
| CLIF-C AD score |
49.5 (45.0, 57.0) |
51.0 (45.5, 59.0) |
| Surgery details | ||
| ASA score II/III/IV/V/n.a. (n, %) | 2 (3)/39 (61)/19 (30)/2 (3)/2 (3) | 9 (7)/73 (56)/30 (23)/0 (0)/19 (15) |
| Elective/emergency surgery (n, %) | 41 (64)/23 (36) | 74 (56)/57 (44) |
| Low-risk procedures (n, %) | 30 (47) | 61 (47) |
| Elective orthopaedic surgery | 6 (20) | 4 (7) |
| Hernia repair | 9 (30) | 22 (36) |
| Laparoscopic interventions | 4 (13) | 28 (46) |
| Other | 11 (37) | 7 (11) |
| High-risk procedures (n, %) | 34 (53) | 70 (53) |
| Emergency orthopaedic surgery | 1 (3) | 2 (3) |
| Thoracotomy | 5 (15) | 6 (9) |
| Open abdominal surgery | 27 (79) | 61 (87) |
| Other | 1 (3) | 1 (1) |
| Surgery duration (min) | 120 (89, 246) | 113 (73, 195) |
Data are shown as counts and percentages as indicated or median values with the 0.25- and 0.75-quartile. Patients in the TIPS cohort presented with a relevantly higher MELD score. Low-risk and high-risk procedures were equally distributed between cohorts.
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CLIF-C AD, Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute Decompensation; g-GT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; INR, international normalised ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; n.a., not available; TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.