Table 3.
Complication management and postoperative outcome parameters.
| Parameters | TIPS cohort (n = 64) | Control cohort (n = 131) |
|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative patient management | ||
| Any substitution of blood products (n, %) | 21 (33) | 37 (28) |
| Median no. of blood products transfused | 5.0 (2.0, 14.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 6.0) |
| Any substitution of coagulation products (n, %) | 19 (30) | 39 (30) |
| Median no. of coagulation products transfused |
3.0 (2.0, 6.0) |
5.0 (3.0, 10.0) |
| Postoperative patient management | ||
| Any substitution of blood products (n, %) | 29 (45) | 75 (57) |
| Median no. of blood products transfused | 3.0 (1.0, 9.5) | 6.0 (2.0, 17.3) |
| Any substitution of coagulation products (n, %) | 10 (16) | 56 (43) |
| Median no. of coagulation products transfused | 3.5 (1.8, 11.5) | 8.0 (4.0, 29.0) |
| Any catecholamine treatment (n, %) | 27 (42) | 74 (57) |
| Duration of catecholamine treatment (h) | 55.0 (22.0, 112.0) | 160.5 (38.8, 433.5) |
| Ongoing postoperative intubation (n, %) | 18 (28) | 55 (42) |
| Intubation time (h) | 48.5 (10.8, 101.3) | 96.0 (21.0, 401.0) |
| Renal failure (renal replacement therapy, n, %) | 10 (16) | 26 (20) |
| Any hepatic encephalopathy (n, %) | 14 (22) | 43 (33) |
| Grade of hepatic encephalopathy I/II/III/n.a. (n, %) | 5 (36)/8 (57)/1 (7)/0 (0) | 6 (14)/22 (51)/3 (7)/12 (28) |
| Liver failure (n, %) | 11 (17) | 46 (35) |
| Infectious complications (n, %) | 25 (39) | 71 (54) |
| Sepsis (n, %) | 12 (19) | 54 (41) |
| Bleeding complications (n, %) | 10 (16) | 52 (40) |
| Variceal bleeding | 1 (10) | 2 (4) |
| Gastric ulcer | – | 4 (8) |
| Bleeding within surgical area | 9 (90) | 44 (85) |
| Unspecified | – | 2 (4) |
| Revision surgery (n, %) |
17 (27) |
63 (48) |
| Outcome parameters | ||
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 1.5 (0.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (1.0, 15.0) |
| In-house mortality/LT (n, %) | 12 (19) – one LT | 52 (40) – two LTs |
| After low-risk procedures (n/N, %) | 0/30 (0) | 10/61 (16) – one LT |
| After high-risk procedures (n/N, %) | 12/34 (35) – one LT | 42/70 (60) – one LT |
| Time to death/LT (days) | 10.5 (4.0, 16.3) | 17.5 (8.8, 30.0) |
Data are shown as counts and percentages as indicated or median values with the 0.25- and 0.75-quartile. Intraoperative patient management did not differ between cohorts. However, during the postoperative course, patients with a preoperative TIPS received less blood and coagulation products, less catecholamine treatment and developed less complications. Consequently, in-house mortality/LT was also lower in the TIPS cohort.
ICU, intensive care unit; LT, liver transplantation; n.a., not available; TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.