Table 5.

Risk stratification according to the predicted 30-day mortality as calculated by the VOCAL Penn score.

Predicted 30-day mortality VOCAL Penn score	TIPS cohort (n = 47)	Control cohort (n = 100)
	n in-house death or LT/n operations	n in-house death or LT/n operations
<1%	0/3 (0% dead)	1/17 (6% dead)
Abdominal – laparoscopic	0/2 (0% dead)	1/16 (6% dead)
Abdominal – open	–	0/1 (0% dead)
Abdominal wall	0/1 (0% dead)	–
Major orthopaedic	–	–
Chest/cardiac	–	–
1–5%	0/10 (0% dead)	6/33 (18% dead)
Abdominal – laparoscopic	0/2 (0% dead)	2/10 (20% dead)
Abdominal – open	0/4 (0% dead)	3/9 (33% dead)
Abdominal wall	0/4 (0% dead)	0/12 (0% dead)
Major orthopaedic	–	–
Chest/cardiac	–	1/2 (50% dead)
5–10%	1/11 (9% LT)	5/13 (38% dead)
Abdominal – laparoscopic	0/2 (0% dead)	0/1 (0% dead)
Abdominal – open	1/4 (25% LT)	5/8 (63% dead)
Abdominal wall	0/2 (0% dead)	0/4 (0% dead)
Major orthopaedic	0/1 (0% dead)	–
Chest/cardiac	0/2 (0% dead)	–
10–20%	3/10 (30% dead)	12/19 (63% dead)
Abdominal – laparoscopic	–	1/1 (100% dead)
Abdominal – open	3/5 (60% dead)	10/13 (77% dead)
Abdominal wall	0/2 (0% dead)	0/1 (0% dead)
Major orthopaedic	0/2 (0% dead)	–
Chest/cardiac	0/1 (0% dead)	1/4 (25% dead)
20–50%	1/6 (17% dead)	9/12 (75% dead)
Abdominal – laparoscopic	–	–
Abdominal – open	1/4 (25% dead)	7/10 (70%)
Abdominal wall	–	–
Major orthopaedic	0/2 (0% dead)	1/1 (100% dead)
Chest/cardiac	–	1/1 (100% dead)
>50%	4/7 (57% dead)	6/6 (100% dead/LT)
Abdominal – laparoscopic	–	–
Abdominal – open	4/5 (80% dead)	4/4 (100% dead)
Abdominal wall	–	–
Major orthopaedic	–	1/1 (100% LT)
Chest/cardiac	0/2 (0% dead)	1/1 (100% LT)

The incidence of in-house mortality/LT is lower in the TIPS cohort across all strata of the predicted 30-day mortality as calculated by the VOCAL Penn score.

LT, liver transplantation; TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; VOCAL, Veterans Outcomes and Costs Associated with Liver Disease.