Table 2.

Potential applications of ChatGPT in clinical medicine and medical education.

Area of research	Potential applications	Example	Study (year)
Learning in medical education	ChatGPT as a source of medical knowledge	ChatGPT could pass the USMLEa, showing its ability in generating accurate answers	Mbakwe et al [11] (2023)
Patient engagement and education	Provide information to patients, caretakers, and the public	Use of chatbots in prostate cancer education	Görtz et al [23] (2023)
Disease prevention	Provide counseling and gather information (eg, risk factors) for health screening	Use of chatbots in symptom screening for patients with autoinflammatory diseases, with high patient acceptability	Tan et al [24] (2023)
Participant recruitment	Analyze information from potential participants through conversations and medical records and streamlined information gathered	Comparing recruitment of research participants using chatbot versus telephone outreach	Kim et al [19] (2021)
Data collection	Review large volumes of data through conversations and medical records, use data collected (eg, medical history, investigation findings, and treatment outcomes) for pattern recognition in diseases, and correlate data (eg, demographics and risk factors) with diseases	Use of a chatbot (Dokbot) for health data collection among older patients	Wilczewski et al [25] (2023)
Clinical decision support and patient management	Review data on medical history, investigation findings, etc, and provide treatment recommendations, and support clinical decision-making by providing supplemental information	Application of ChatGPT in making diagnoses and patient management using clinical vignettes	Rao et al [26] (2023)
Drug discovery and development	Review large volumes of scientific data on drugs and identify gaps and potential targets	Use of pretrained biochemical language models for targeted drug design	Uludoğan et al [27] (2022)
Medical writing	Assist in medical writing and publication	Application of ChatGPT in case report writing	Hedge et al [28] (2023)

^aUSMLE: United States Medical Licensing Examination.