Table 2.
Comparison of obstetric and perinatal outcomes between non-immigrant and immigrant pregnant women in the context of a COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital San José, Santiago of Chile. March 2020 to August 2022.
| Birth outcomes | Non-immigrant pregnancy (n = 5,274) |
Immigrant pregnancy (n = 4,892) |
Total | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Conduct of labor | ||||
| No | 2,458 (46.61) | 2,272 (46.44) | 4,730 (46.53) | <0.869 |
| Yes | 2,816 (53.39) | 2,620 (53.56) | 5,436 (53.47) | |
| Induction of labor | ||||
| No | 4,367 (82.80) | 4,053 (82.85) | 8,420 (82.83) | <0.950 |
| Yes | 907 (17.20) | 839 (17.15) | 1,746 (17.17) | |
| Monitoring of labor | ||||
| No | 803 (15.23) | 727 (14.86) | 1,530 (15.05) | <0.607 |
| Yes | 4,471 (84.77) | 4,165 (85.14) | 8,636 (84.95) | |
| Personalized childbirth care | ||||
| No | 4,504 (85.40) | 4,255 (86.98) | 8,759 (86.16) | <0.021* |
| Yes | 770 (14.60) | 637 (13.02) | 1,407 (13.84) | |
| Labor and childbirth companion | ||||
| No | 688 (13.05) | 1,120 (22.89) | 1,808 (17.78) | <0.000* |
| Yes | 4,586 (86.95) | 3,772 (77.11) | 8,358 (82.22) | |
| Birth type of delivery | ||||
| Vaginal birth | 3,671 (69.61) | 3,005 (61.43) | 6,676 (65.67) | <0.000* |
| Forceps-assited birth | 64 (1.21) | 66 (1.35) | 130 (1.28) | |
| Elective c-section | 426 (8.08) | 420 (8.59) | 846 (8.32) | |
| Emergency c-section | 1,113 (21.10) | 1,401 (28.64) | 2,524 (24.73) | |
| Fetal position at birth | ||||
| Cephalic | 5,054 (95.90) | 4,738 (96.91) | 9,792 (96.32) | <0.024* |
| Podalic | 193 (3.67) | 136 (2.79) | 329 (3.24) | |
| Transverse | 23 (0.44) | 15 (0.31) | 38 (0.37) | |
| Postpartum attachment to newborns | ||||
| No | 1,081 (20.50) | 1,321 (27.00) | 2,402 (23.63) | <0.000* |
| Yes | 4,193 (79.50) | 3,571 (73.00) | 7,764 (76.37) | |
| Newborn condition | ||||
| Live birth | 5,240 (99.36) | 4,846 (99.06) | 10,086 (99.21) | <0.092 |
| Stillbirth | 34 (0.64) | 46 (0.94) | 80 (0.79) | |
| Maternal mortality | ||||
| No | 5,270 (99.92) | 4,889 (99.94) | 10,159 (99.93) | <0.541 |
| Yes | 4 (0.08) | 3 (0.06) | 7 (0.07) | Fisher's exact |
| Classification by gestational weeks | ||||
| Term (≥37 Weeks) | 4,570 (86.65) | 4,489 (91.76) | 9,059 (89.11) | <0.000* |
| Moderate (32–36 weeks) | 582 (11.04) | 304 (6.21) | 886 (8.72) | |
| Very Preterm (28–31 Weeks) | 79 (1.50) | 43 (0.88) | 122 (1.20) | |
| Extremely (<28 weeks) | 43 (0.82) | 56 (1.14) | 99 (0.97) | |
| Classification by birthweight | ||||
| Normal | 4,760 (90.25) | 4,485 (91.68) | 9,245 (90.94) | <0.001* |
| Low birthweght | 420 (7.96) | 311 (6.36) | 731 (7.19) | |
| Very low birtweight | 53 (1.00) | 37 (0.76) | 90 (0.89) | |
| Extremely low birthweight | 41 (0.78) | 59 (1.21) | 100 (0.98) | |
| APGAR at 1 min | ||||
| Normal (>7) | 5,037 (95.51) | 4,604 (94.11) | 9,641 (94.84) | <0.006* |
| Moderate depression (4–6) | 120 (2.28) | 152 (3.11) | 272 (2.68) | |
| Severe depression (<4) | 117 (2.22) | 136 (2.78) | 253 (2.49) | |
| Apgar at 5 min | ||||
| Normal (>7) | 5,188 (98.37) | 4,793 (97.98) | 9,981 (98.18) | <0.296 |
| Moderate depression (4–6) | 30 (0.57) | 38 (0.78) | 68 (0.67) | |
| Severe depression (<4) | 56 (1.06) | 61 (1.25) | 117 (1.15) | |
*
Statistically significant p-value < 0.05 χ2 test.