Table 1.
Maternal Characteristics, Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use, and Pregnancy Outcomes
| Maternal characteristics | Total n = 41 |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 33.2 (5.5) |
| First trimester body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.8 (5.9) |
| First trimester HbA1c, % | 7.8 (6.6, 9.1) |
| Remote locality, n (%) | 13 (32%) |
| Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ethnicity,a n (%) | 30 (73%) |
| Nulliparity, n (%) | 6 (15%) |
| Preexisting hypertension, n (%) | 8 (33%) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 17 (43%) |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 6 (16%) |
| Time since diagnosis <5 years, n (%) | 15 (50%) |
| Insulin use, n (%) | 37 (90%) |
| Insulin dose per day, units | 89 (78) |
| Metformin use, n (%) | 27 (66%) |
| CGM use | |
| Weeks of sensor wear | 15.4 (7.8) |
| Sensor activity time in early pregnancy,b % | 63 (23) |
| Sensor activity time in late pregnancy,b % | 62 (20) |
| No. of scans per day in early pregnancy | 4.3 (4.4) |
| No. of scans per day in late pregnancy | 4.4 (3.1) |
| Gestation first used, weeks | 16.0 (7.0) |
| Gestation last used, weeks | 35.6 (2.2) |
| Pregnancy outcomes | |
| Prematurity, n (%) | 14 (34%) |
| Gestational age at birth, weeks | 37.4 (36, 38) |
| Birth weight, g | 3497 (779) |
| Cesarean section, n (%) | 27 (66%) |
| Preeclampsia, n (%) | 8 (31%) |
| LGA >90th percentile, n (%) | 23 (56%) |
| Neonatal hypoglycemia, n (%) | 21 (51%) |
| Neonatal hospital stay, days | 3 (2, 13) |
| Respiratory distress, n (%) | 15 (37%) |
Data are presented as mean (SD) or median (IQR). Total n is less for the following characteristics: first trimester HbA1c, n = 30; preexisting hypertension n = 24; alcohol use n = 37; time since type 2 diabetes diagnosis n = 30; early gestation sensor activity time and average scans per day in early pregnancy and early average scans per day, n = 38, preeclampsia n = 26.
Ethnicity is self-reported. Other ethnicities included Indian (n = 4), African (n = 2), Caucasian (n = 1), Filipino (n = 1), Pacific Islander (n = 1), not specified (n = 2).
Sensor activity time is the percent of time with CGM output over a 14-day period.
CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; IQR, interquartile range; LGA, large for gestational age; SD, standard deviation.