Table 3.

Summary of studies that have developed MWNPs for image-guided PTT.

Nanoparticle Components	Membrane Source(s)	Laser Parameters for In Vivo PTT	Imaging Mode(s)	Tumor Model	Citation
PLGA loaded with ICG	MCF-7 breast cancer modified with PEG	808 nm 1 W/cm2 5 min	FL, PA	MCF-7 breast cancer	Chen et al. ACS Nano. 2016; 10: 10049.
PEG-modified tungsten disulfide nanosheets loaded with DOX and ICG	RBC modified with folic acid	808 nm 1 W/cm2 5 min	PA	HeLa cervical cancer	Long et al. Biomater. Sci. 2020; 8: 5088.
Poly-(caprolactone) (PCL)−PEG−PCL triblock copolymer loaded with IR780 and docetaxel	RBC	808 nm 1.5 W/cm2 5 min	FL, PA	MCF-7 breast cancer	Yang et al. Molec. Pharm. 2019; 16: 3208.
Semiconducting poly-(cyclopentadithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT)	Activated fibroblast	808 nm 0.3 W/cm2 5 min	FL, PA	4T1 breast cancer	Li et al. ACS Nano. 2018; 12: 8520.
Narrow bandgap electron donor–acceptor semiconducting polymer Acceptor segment: thiophene‑fused benzodifurandione‑based oligo(p‑phenylene vinylene) Donor segment: thieno[3,2‑b]thiophen‑2‑yl) benzo[1,2‑b:4,5‑b′]dithiophene	RBC	808 nm 0.5 W/cm2 10 min	PA	4T1 breast cancer	Zheng et al. Nano-Micro Lett. 2020; 12: 94.
Hollow copper sulfide loaded with DOX	Hybrid: B16-F10 melanoma and RBC	1064 nm 1 W/cm2 5 min	PA	B16-F10 melanoma	Wang et al. ACS Nano. 2018; 12: 5241.
Melanin	RBC	808 nm 2 W/cm2, 5 min or 1 W/cm2, 10 min	PA	A549 lung cancer	Jiang et al. Biomaterials. 2017; 143: 29.
Melanin	Hybrid: MCF-7 breast cancer and RBC	808 nm 1 W/cm2 10 min	PA	MCF-7 breast cancer	Jiang et al. Biomaterials. 2019; 192: 292.
Prussian blue NPs modified with zinc glutamate and with triphenylphosphine conjugated lonidamine	HepG2 liver cancer	808 nm 1 W/cm2 5 min	PA	HepG2 liver cancer	Wang et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2021; 13: 37563.
Gold nanostars	RBC	785 nm 2 W/cm2 5 min	PA	HepG2 liver cancer	Huang et al. Appl. Mater. Today. 2020; 18: 100484.
Liposome loaded with IR1048	Platelet	1064 nm 1 W/cm2 5 min	PA	C6 glioma	Geng et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2020; 12: 55624.
Fe3O4	RBC	808 nm 5 W/cm2 5 min	MRI	MCF-7 breast cancer	Ren et al. Biomaterials. 2016; 92: 13.
Fe3O4	RBC	808 nm 5 W/cm2 5 min	MRI	MCF-7 breast cancer	Rao et al. ACS Nano. 2017; 11: 3496.
Fe3O4	Myeloid derived suppressor cell	808 nm 5 W/cm2 5 min	MRI	B16-F10 melanoma	Yu et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018; 28: 1801389.
Fe3O4@Cu2-xS	RBC	1064 nm 0.8 W/cm2 10 min	MRI	HeLa cervical cancer	Lin et al. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2020; 8: 1202.
Fe3O4 coated with polydopamine and siRNA	Mesenchymal stem cell	808 nm 0.6 W/cm2 6 min	MRI	DU145 prostate cancer	Mu et al. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2018; 4: 3895.
PLGA loaded with ICG and perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE)	A549 lung cancer	765 nm 400 mW/cm2 15 min	PA, MRI, FL	A549 lung cancer	Li et al. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2020; 12: 57290.
Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and pluronic copolymer F68 NP loaded with ICG	B16-F10 melanoma, 4T1 breast cancer, or COS7 fibroblast	808 nm 1 W/cm2 5 min	FL	U87 glioblastoma	Wang et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020; 30: 1909369.
Liposomes loaded with ICG	C6 glioma	808 nm 1 W/cm2 5 min	FL	C6 glioma	Jia et al. ACS Nano. 2019; 13: 386.
DSPE-PEG NPs loaded with IR-792	Macrophages	808 nm 0.8 W/cm2 5 min	FL	U87 glioblastoma	Lai et al. Biomaterials. 2019; 211: 48.
Hollow bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) loaded with quercetin	Macrophage	808 nm 2 W/cm2 5 min	FL, CT	4T1 breast cancer	Zhao et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2018; 10: 31124.
Gold nanodendrites loaded with ICG and functionalized with triphenylphosphonium (TPP)	Macrophage	1064 nm, 1 W/cm2, 10 min and/or 808 nm, 0.3 W/cm2, 5 min	FL, PA, SERS imaging	MDA-MB-231 breast cancer	Sun et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2021; 13: 10778.
Black-titanium (TiO2) NPs functionalized with iridium complexes	HeLa cervical cancer	1064 nm 1 W/cm2 10 min	PA, Two-photon imaging	HeLa cervical cancer	Shen et al. Biomaterials. 2021; 275: 120979.
ZGGO coated with mesoporous silica and loaded with IR825 and irinotecan	Hybrid: CT26 colorectal cancer and RAW 264.7 macrophage	808 nm 1 W/cm2 5 min	Long persistent luminescence imaging	CT26 colorectal cancer	Wang et al. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020; 3: 7105.