Table 3.
Prevalence of modern contraceptive use among HIV-positive and negative women by selected social, demographic, sexual, reproductive and HIV characteristics (n = 13,293)
| Characteristic | HIV-positive | HIV-negative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | P-value | n (%) | P-value | |
| All women | 363 (35.7) | 3643 (30.1) | 0.004 | |
| Enrolled on ART (Integration) | ||||
| Yes | 231 (40.1) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 112 (27.7) | |||
| Viral load suppressed (< 1000copies / mL) | ||||
| Yes | 229 (40.7) | 0.004 | ||
| No | 134 (29.4) | |||
| Duration of ART use (years) | ||||
| 1–2 | 69 (47.8) | 0.263 | ||
| 3–5 | 62 (35.7) | |||
| 6 + | 58 (42.3) | |||
| HIV status awareness | ||||
| Positive and aware | 255 (41.1) | < 0.001 | ||
| Positive and unaware | 108 (27.4) | |||
| Age categories | ||||
| 15–24 | 47 (32.0) | 0.021 | 1095 (20.9) | < 0.001 |
| 25–34 | 143 (43.3) | 1514 (42.2) | ||
| 35–49 | 173 (31.9) | 1034 (31.4) | ||
| Education level | ||||
| No formal education | 46 (24.2) | 0.005 | (470) 26.1 | < 0.001 |
| Primary education | 273 (39.5) | (2430) 33.6 | ||
| Secondary + | 44 (29.9) | (739) 24.2 | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 172 (35.1) | 0.758 | 1369 (31.2) | 0.091 |
| Rural | 191 (36.3) | 2274 (29.4) | ||
| Currently working and receiving a regular salary | ||||
| Yes | 77 (33.5) | 0.319 | 701 (36.0) | < 0.001 |
| No | 79 (41.5) | 644 (33.2) | ||
| Never worked in the past 12 months | 207(34.5) | 2296(27.9) | ||
| Household wealth | ||||
| Low | 199 (35.1) | 0.7685 | 2193 (29.5) | < 0.001 |
| High | 164 (36.3) | 1448 (30.8) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 34 (22.2) | < 0.001 | 399 (12.2) | < 0.001 |
| Married/living with a partner | 222 (43.4) | 2780 (38.8) | ||
| Divorced/Widow/Separated | 107 (29.5) | 464 (31.7) | ||
| Living arrangement | ||||
| Living with partner | 198 (43.8) | 0.698 | 2587 (39.7) | 0.001 |
| Living apart | 24 (40.5) | 193 (31.2) | ||
| Currently sexually active | ||||
| Yes | 305 (40.2) | 0.006 | 3146 (37.0) | < 0.001 |
| No | 57 (27.4) | 452 (26.1) | ||
| Number of sexual partners | ||||
| None | 57 (27.4) | 0.002 | 453 (26.1) | < 0.001 |
| Only one | 257 (43.0) | 2787 (37.3) | ||
| More than one | 48 (30.7) | 333 (36.7) | ||
| Number of previous pregnancies | ||||
| None | 6 (8.1) | < 0.001 | 174 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
| 1–2 | 98 (31.5) | 1284 (38.3) | ||
| 3 + | 259 (41.6) | 2180 (38.5) | ||
| Number of children born in the past five years | ||||
| 0 | 160 (31.4) | < 0.001 | 914 (33.9) | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 150 (49.8) | 1933 (45.0) | ||
| 2 + | 36 (42.7) | 543 (32.7) | ||
| Never | 6 (8.1) | 174 (6.4) | ||