Figure 5.

Fractional-polynomial prediction plots (estimates and 95% confidence intervals) showing the associations of age and BMI across childhood and adolescence by maternal PFAS levels ($n=\mathrm{1,156}$). “Higher” was defined as PFAS levels above the population median, and “lower” was defined as PFAS levels below the population median. Median levels were $25.70\text{\hspace{0.17em}ng}/\mathrm{mL}$ for PFOS, $5.80\text{\hspace{0.17em}ng}/\mathrm{mL}$ for PFOA, $2.40\text{\hspace{0.17em}ng}/\mathrm{mL}$ for PFHxS, $0.70\text{\hspace{0.17em}ng}/\mathrm{mL}$ for PFNA, $1.20\text{\hspace{0.17em}ng}/\mathrm{mL}$ for EtFOSAA, and $1.90\text{\hspace{0.17em}ng}/\mathrm{mL}$ for MeFOSAA. These levels are slightly different from the ones in Table 1 due to the different analytic sample for the main analysis ($n=545$) vs. this post hoc analysis ($n=\mathrm{1,156}$). Participants were from the Project Viva prebirth cohort. Pregnant women were enrolled between April 1999 and July 2002, and the late adolescence visit was conducted between July 2017 and September 2021. Note: BMI, body mass index; EtFOSAA, 2-($N$-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate; MeFOSAA, 2-($N$-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate; PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate.