Table 1:
Active tcVNS and Sham Group Behavioral Measures Before and After Stimulation in Patients with OUD in active Opioid Withdrawal.
| Outcome | Timepoint | Active (n=10) | Sham (n=11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| VAS-Withdrawal | Pre | 5.8±3.1 | 5.3±2.5 |
| Post | 3.9±3.1* | 6.3±2.5 | |
| VAS-Craving | Pre | 7.4±2.7 | 6.8±2.5 |
| Post | 5.2±3.4 | 6.9±3.5 | |
| VAS-Anxiety | Pre | 5.6±3.6 | 6.4±2.3 |
| Post | 3.7±3.0* | 6.3±2.6 | |
| SUDS | Pre | 43.1±32.3 | 45.1±24.5 |
| Post | 25.6±30.4* | 47.6±28.5 | |
| NRS-Pain | Pre | 3.5±2.6 | 4.4±1.7 |
| Post1 | 2.4±2.5* | 5.3±2.3 | |
| COWS Total | Pre | 7.6±3.4 | 8.5±3.1 |
| Post | 8.2±4.6 | 10.3±4.2 |
Abbreviations: VAS, Visual Analog Scale; SUDS, Subjective Units of Distress Scale; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale; COWS, Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale.
*
p<0.05 for reduction post treatment in the active but not the sham stimulation group.