Table 2.
Child demographic and descriptive data.
| Child demographics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Time point: | Phase 2: Early adolescence (N = 69) (M(SD)) | Phase 2: Early adolescent imaging (n = 27) (M(SD)) | Phase 3: Late adolescence (n = 17) (M(SD)) |
| Age (Years) | 14.24 (1.14) | 14.51 (1.18) | 18.1(1) |
| Biological sex (%) | 52.17% Female | 54.85% Female | 58.82% Female |
| Race (%) | 98.55% Black | 100% Black | 100% Black |
| Birth outcomes | |||
| Gestational age (Weeks) | 38.45 (2.52) | 38.15 (2.51) | 38.12 (2.42) |
| Birth Weight (g) | 2750.19 (468.02) | 2794.46 (487.81) | 2616.94 (510.35) |
| Length of hospital stay post-delivery (days) | 5.07 (4.37) | 4.77 (4.25) | 5.06 (4.88) |
| Neonatal abstinence diagnosis (%) | 37.68% | 23.08% | 35.29% |
| Substance exposure | |||
| Exposed to heroin (%) | 28.99% | 44.44% | 47.06% |
| Exposed to cocaine (%) | 14.49% | 7.40% | 5.88% |
| Exposed to both cocaine and heroin (%) | 52.52% | 44.44% | 47.06% |
| Heavy prenatal exposure vs. light (%) | 84% | 81.48% | 82.35% |
| Exposed to alcohol (%) | 53.62% | 55.56% | 76.47% |
| Heavy alcohol exposure vs. light (%) | 13.51% | 2% | 15.38% |
| Exposed to tobacco (%) | 81.16% | 77.78% | 94.12% |
| Heavy tobacco exposure vs. light (%) | 94.64% | 95.24% | 93.75% |
| Overall exposure to 3 or more substances (%)* | 86.96% | 74.35% | 76.47% |
| Received intervention (%) | 37.68% | 55.56% | 58.82% |
| Caregiver continuity | |||
| Number of caregiver changes before age 7 | 0.94 (1.7) | 0.85(1.05) | 0.71(1.1) |
| ≥2 caregiver changes (%) | 23.19% | 22.22% | 23.53% |
*Reflects prenatal exposure to three or more substances, including opioid and stimulant exposure.