. 2023 Dec 6;131(12):127006. doi: 10.1289/EHP12834

Table 1.

Selected characteristics of male farmers in the BEEA study, overall and according to mLOY status.

Characteristic	Overall ( $uppercase italic n equals 1,606$ )	No mLOY ( $lowercase italic n equals 1,263$ )	mLOY ( $lowercase italic n equals 343$ )	$p$ -Value^a
Age (y)
Median (IQR)	64 (58–72)	62 (56–69)	72 (66–77)	$less than 0.001$
Genetic ancestry
European	1,593 (99)	1,252 (99)	341 (99)	1.00
Other^b	13 (1)	11 (1)	2 (1)
State
Iowa	1,237 (77)	984 (78)	253 (74)	0.11
North Carolina	369 (23)	279 (22)	90 (26)
Source of DNA
Whole blood	1,500 (93)	1,178 (93)	322 (94)	0.69
Buffy coat	106 (7)	85 (7)	21 (6)
Smoking status and pack-years^c
Never	950 (60)	770 (62)	180 (54)	0.001
Former (tertile)
T 1 ( $less than or equal to 3.75$ )	187 (12)	155 (12)	32 (10)
T 2 ( $greater than 3.75 to 23.0$ )	188 (12)	147 (12)	41 (12)
T 3 ( $greater than 23.0$ )	186 (12)	126 (10)	60 (18)
Current (tertile)
T 1 ( $less than or equal to 28.$ )	24 (2)	17 (1)	7 (2)
T 2 ( $greater than 28.5 to 53.25$ )	23 (1)	16 (1)	7 (2)
T 3 ( $greater than 53.25$ )	23 (1)	16 (1)	7 (2)
Alcohol consumption (servings/wk)^d
0	798 (50)	609 (48)	189 (55)	0.045
1–2	292 (18)	228 (18)	64 (19)
3–6	247 (15)	200 (16)	47 (14)
$greater than or equal to 7$	269 (17)	226 (18)	43 (13)
BMI ( ${kg / m}^{2}$ )
$less than 25$	252 (16)	178 (14)	74 (22)	0.004
25 to $less than 30$	716 (45)	567 (45)	149 (43)
30 to $less than 35$	441 (27)	353 (28)	88 (26)
$greater than or equal to 35$	197 (12)	165 (13)	32 (9)
History of diabetes
No	1,369 (85)	1,088 (86)	281 (82)	0.05
Yes	237 (15)	175 (14)	62 (18)
History of hypertension/heart disease
No	763 (48)	621 (49)	142 (41)	0.01
Yes	843 (52)	642 (51)	201 (59)

Note: Data are presented as frequencies and percentages [ $n$ (%)] unless otherwise specified. BEEA, Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; mLOY, mosaic loss of chromosome Y; T, tertile.

^{^a}

$p$ -Value for difference between participants with and without mLOY, calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for age, Fisher’s exact test for genetic ancestry, and chi-square test for all other variables.

^{^b}

Including African ( $greater than or equal to 80 percent$ African ancestry), African-European (50% to $less than 80 percent$ African and 20% to $less than 50 percent$ European ancestry), and admixed African (50% to $less than 80 percent$ African and $less than 20 percent$ of each of European and Asian ancestries).

^{^c}

Numbers do not sum up to the total owing to missing data on pack-years for 22 former and 3 current smokers.

^{^d}

Number of servings of alcoholic beverages in the past 7 d. One serving of an alcoholic beverage was defined as 12 fluid oz (355 ml) of beer, 5 fluid oz (148 ml) of wine, or 1.5 fluid oz (44 ml) of hard liquor.