. 2016 Jul 12;19(3):73–81. doi: 10.1136/eb-2016-102412

Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included in meta-analysis concerning the point prevalence of GAD in BD

Study	Location	Diagnostic group	Criteria for diagnosis	Procedure for diagnosis	N	Males (%)	Age	Prevalence N (%)	Comments
Bellani et al³⁸	University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA	BD	DSM-IV	SCID	205	29.3	36.6±11.5	28 (13.7)	Similar rates of depressive episodes between study groups
Bellani et al³⁸		MDD	DSM-IV	SCID	105	29.5	38.0±13.1	4 (3.8)	Similar rates of depressive episodes between study groups
Boylan et al³⁹	McMaster Regional Mood Disorders Program (Hamilton, Ontario, Canada	BD	DSM-IV	SCID	138	31.9	∼41*	43 (31.2)	Outpatients, 70.3% BD-I, 29.7% rapid cycling
Chang et al⁴⁰	National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan	BD-I	DSM-IV-TR	SADS-L	120	48.33	31.4±11.5	10 (8.33)	Outpatients from the Han population of Taiwan
Chang et al⁴⁰		BD-II	DSM-IV-TR	SADS-L	205	49.27	33.0±12.0	29 (14.14)	Outpatients from the Han population of Taiwan
Cosoff and Hafner⁴¹	Adelaide, Australia	BD	DSM-III-R	SCID	20	60	34.8±10	2 (10.0)
		Schiz			60			7 (11.7)
		Schizoaff			20			2 (10.0
Dell’Osso et al⁴²	University Department of Psychiatry of Milan, Italy	BD	DSM-IV	SCID	508	44.1	>40*	7 (1.4)	56.7% BD-I, 76.1% without any substance or alcohol abuse
Kauer-Sant’Anna et al⁴³	Bipolar Disorders Program of the University Hospital at the Federal University, Porto Alegre, Brazil	BD	DSM-IV-TR	SCID	162	33.95	>42*	19 (11.7)	Outpatients of University hospital
Koyuncu et al⁴⁴	Mood Disorders Unit of Psychiatry Department of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey	BD	DSM-IV	SCID	70	35.7	36.2±15.9	4 (5.71)	Outpatients of University hospital
Mantere et al⁴⁵	Mood Disorders Research Unit, NPHI, Helsinki, Finland	BD	DSM-IV	SCID	191	47.1	37.7±12.2	29 (15.18)	Acute phase BD, 47.1% BD-I, inpatients or outpatients. rapid cycling in 32.5%, and psychotic symptoms in 16.2% of patients
Mantere et al⁴⁵	Mood Disorders Research Unit, NPHI, Helsinki, Finland	MDD	DSM-IV	SCID	269	26.8	NA	37 (13.75)
McElroy et al⁶	Multisite USA and the Netherlands	BD	DSM-IV	SCID	288	44.0	42.8±11.3	8 (2.78)	STANLEY foundation data
Simon et al¹²	Multisite USA	BD-I	DSM-IV	SCID	360	40.6	41.7±12.8	46 (12.8)	First 500 patients of STEP-BD
Simon et al¹²	Multisite USA	BD-II	DSM-IV	SCID	115	40.6	41.7±12.8	12 (10.4)	First 500 patients of STEP-BD
Otto et al⁴⁶	Multisite USA	BD	DSM-IV	SCID	918	41.0	40.6±12.7	122 (13.3)	First 1000 patients of STEP-BD. >75% BD-I, half patients in recovery, ∼25% depressed
Tamam and Ozpoyraz⁴⁷	Cucurova University Adana, Turkey	BD-I	DSM-IV	SCID	70	41.4	33.4±10.3	9 (12.9)	Included only patients with BD-I
Zutshi et al⁴⁸	NIMHANS, Bangalore, India	BD	DSM-IV	SCID	80	71.3	30.06±7.77	19 (23.8)	Patients with remitted BD; the controls were relatives of neurological patients
Zutshi et al⁴⁸	NIMHANS, Bangalore, India	Controls	DSM-IV	SCID	50	76.0	31.44±7.85	3 (6)
Overall		BD	DSM (III-R or IV)	SCID but 1	2975†			12.9	BD and MD rates are after meta-analysis. Corrected prevalence of GAD in controls is 3% and in schizophrenia and schizoaffective is approximately equal to that of BD
		Controls			50			6.0
		MDD			374			12.1‡
		Schiz			60			11.7
		Schizoaff			20			10.0

*Not available, estimated. †The patients from the Simon et al¹² study were not included because they overlap with those of the Otto et al⁴⁶ study.

‡Estimation not directly supported by the data.

BD, bipolar disorder; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; N, sample size; NA, not available; MDD, major depressive disorder; SADS-L, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia—Lifetime version; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM; Schiz, schizophrenia; Schizoaff, schizoaffective disorder.