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. 2023 Dec 6;9(49):eadh8152. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8152

Fig. 4. Developmental perturbations of gastrulation.

Fig. 4.

Movies show the time evolution of the relevant Eulerian and Lagrangian metrics. (A and B) Spontaneous twin perturbation. Repeller and attractor for model velocities [(A), movie S4] and experimental velocities [(B), movie S5]. (C and D) VEGF (vascular epithelial growth factor) inhibition prevents cell ingression at the PS. DOA and attractor for model velocities [(C), movie S6] and experimental velocities [(D), movie S7]. (E and F) FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) addition provokes a circular PS. DOA and attractor for model velocities [(E), movie S8] and experimental velocities [(F), movie S9]. (G and H) BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) inhibition induce a ring-shaped mesoderm territory at the EE-EP interface while blocking apical contraction and cell ingression. DOA and attractor for model velocities [(G), movie S11) and experimental velocities [(H), movie S12]. Color bars in experimental panels show attraction rates in 1/minutes. See section S4.6 for parameters values, boundaries, and initial conditions used in simulating Eq. 1.