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. 2023 Dec 6;12:RP89512. doi: 10.7554/eLife.89512

Figure 4. Anti-inflammatory effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from ultrasound (US)-treated myotubes on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs).

Figure 4.

(A) The mRNA expression levels of Il-1b and Il-6 were measured by qPCR. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): LPS-treated BMDMs; CM: BMDMs treated with C2C12 conditioned medium and LPS; US-CM: BMDMs treated with US-irradiated C2C12 conditioned medium and LPS; EV-depleted CM: BMDMs treated with EV-depleted C2C12 conditioned medium and LPS; USEV-depleted: BMDMs treated with EV-depleted C2C12 (US-irradiated) conditioned medium and LPS. (B) When the concentration of EVs are equated, the enhancement of anti-inflammatory effect of EVs by US was not observed. LPS: LPS-treated BMDMs; CM: BMDMs treated with myotube EVs and LPS; diluted US-CM: BMDMs treated with US-EVs at the same concentration as the EV group and LPS. (C) Cytotoxicity of C2C12 conditioned medium on BMDMs was investigated by MTT assay. (D) EV concentration in each condition was measured by a qNano system. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05 vs. LPS, †p<0.01 vs. CM, ‡p<0.01 vs. control, §p<0.01 vs. US. n=4.