Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Total HCC Cohort by Liver Disease Etiology, 2003–2021
| Characteristic | Total N=34,707 |
HCV N=8,765 25.3% | HBV N=905 2.6% | ALD N=3,265 9.4% |
NAFLD N=13,48,338.9% | Cryptogenic N=6,261 18.0% |
Other* N=2,028 5.8% | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years±SD) | 68.3±11.6 | 64.2±9.2 | 65.2±12.6 | 68.5±10.3 | 71.1±11.2 | 68.8±14.0 | 67.8±12.2 | <0.0001 |
| Sex (%) | <0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 61.4 | 74.7 | 72.8 | 80.8 | 54.0 | 48.0 | 57.6 | |
| Female | 38.6 | 25.3 | 27.2 | 19.2 | 46.0 | 52.1 | 42.4 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <0.001 | |||||||
| Caucasian | 62.1 | 54.6 | 31.9 | 65.6 | 63.0 | 71.0 | 68.9 | |
| African American | 11.7 | 16.3 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 11.5 | 9.1 | 7.3 | |
| Hispanic | 13.7 | 15.6 | 9.1 | 17.3 | 15.1 | 7.5 | 12.1 | |
| Asian | 4.7 | 5.8 | 41.1 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.7 | |
| Unknown | 7.9 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 9.3 | 8.0 | |
| Cirrhosis (%) | 73.7 | 93.3 | 75.7 | 83.0 | 65.8 | 51.6 | 93.3 | <0.001 |
| Advance care directive (%) | 8.0 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 9.1 | 9.7 | 6.0 | 6.7 | <0.001 |
| Hospice/palliative care (%) | 35.2 | 30.2 | 25.5 | 39.2 | 38.4 | 34.1 | 36.7 | <0.001 |
| DCCI (±SD) | 9.0±4.2 | 7.4±4.3 | 7.2±4.4 | 8.8±4.3 | 10.5±3.9 | 8.7±3.2 | 8.5±4.0 | <0.0001 |
| Antiviral therapy (%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| HCV DAA** | 29.8 | |||||||
| HBV | 40.8 | |||||||
| Liver transplant (%) | 4.4 | 11.0 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 8.2 | <0.001 |
| Follow-up (person-years) | 46,670 | 15,782 | 1794 | 3807 | 15,620 | 6660 | 3006 | – |
Notes: *Other liver diseases: autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Wilson’s disease. **Includes only patients from 2014 and after.
Abbreviations: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; DCCI: Deyo Charlson Comorbidity Index.