Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics in HCC Subgroup by Study Time Period (A) and Race and Ethnicity (B)
| Characteristic | (A) By Time Period | (B) By Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003–2013 N=11,581 |
2014–2021 N=23,125 |
P-value | Caucasian N=21,550 |
African American N=4051 |
Hispanic/Latino N=4764 |
Asian N=1619 |
P-value | |
| Mean age (years±SD) | 65.1±12.6 | 69.9±10.8 | <0.0001 | 68.5±11.7 | 68.1±11.0 | 68.9±11.5 | 67.2±12.9 | <0.0001 |
| Sex (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 62.7 | 60.8 | 61.6 | 57.6 | 62.9 | 65.4 | ||
| Female | 37.3 | 39.3 | 38.4 | 42.4 | 37.1 | 34.6 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Caucasian | 62.4 | 61.9 | ||||||
| African American | 10.3 | 12.4 | ||||||
| Hispanic | 11.7 | 14.7 | ||||||
| Asian | 5.4 | 4.3 | ||||||
| Unknown | 10.2 | 6.7 | ||||||
| Cirrhosis (%) | 71.9 | 74.6 | <0.001 | 72.6 | 73.1 | 79.6 | 73.6 | <0.001 |
| Advance care directive (%) | 0.9 | 11.6 | <0.001 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 8.9 | 8.2 | <0.001 |
| Hospice/palliative care (%) | 19.5 | 43.0 | <0.001 | 35.7 | 38.8 | 35.1 | 25.0 | <0.001 |
| DCCI (±SD) | 8.3±4.0 | 9.4±4.2 | <0.0001 | 9.1±4.1 | 9.6±4.3 | 8.9±4.2 | 7.7±4.3 | <0.0001 |
| ALBI | 0.21 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 1 | 56.3 | 57.4 | 58.1 | 58.3 | 51.4 | 63.8 | ||
| 2 | 43.7 | 42.6 | 41.9 | 41.7 | 48.6 | 36.2 | ||
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Antiviral treatment (%) | ||||||||
| HCV DAA* | – | 29.8 | – | 31.6 | 31.5 | 25.6 | 21.5 | <0.001 |
| HBV | 39.1 | 41.8 | 0.41 | 24.6 | 44.3 | 24.4 | 56.2 | <0.001 |
| Liver transplant (%) | 4.8 | 4.1 | 0.006 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | <0.001 |
| Follow-up (person-years) | 22,103 | 24,567 | – | 28,779 | 5053 | 6779 | 3518 | – |
Notes: *Includes only patients from 2014 and after.
Abbreviations: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; DCCI, Deyo Charlson Comorbidity Index; HCV, hepatitis C virus; DAA, direct acting antiviral; HBV, hepatitis B virus; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin grade for HCC.