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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 7.

Published in final edited form as: ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2022 Mar 31;8(4):1381–1395. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01509

Figure 3- — a) A simple stereolithography-based 3D bioprinting system developed for crosslinking bioinks with high intensity white light. i) the binary patterns were directly transferred to the bioinks (red areas in the picture) layer by layer ^47,48 , ii) a mirror (lens system) is used to transfer the patterned light, iii) demonstration of DMD capabilities for grayscale patterning to change the light intensity on each pixel; (Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁴⁷ Copyright 2015 IOP Publishing), b) Design of a multi-material stereolithography bioprinter: i) Perspective view rendering of bioprinter components, where a motorized silicone sled translates laterally in the X-axis to automate bioink selection and rinsing, ii) Side view schematic showing the glass build plate lowered into a bioink droplet, creating a thin first layer (50 μm) for photocrosslinking, iii) Print workflow for fabricating hydrogels. The motorized sled allows nascent structures to interface with separate bioinks of variable chemical or cellular composition, providing heterogeneity within individuals layer (co-planar; XY) and across sequential layers (stacked; Z), (Reprinted with permission from ref ³⁹. Copyright 2021 Springer Nature), c) Design of a customized bioprinter using a commercial DLP box and multi-material module for creating hydrogel constructs: left picture shows the whole apparatus with x-y-z stage for large constructs and right pictures show the rotation model used to exchange materials on a UV-glass substrate (Reprinted with permission from ref ³⁴. Copyright 2021 IOP Publishing).

Figure 3- — a) A simple stereolithography-based 3D bioprinting system developed for crosslinking bioinks with high intensity white light. i) the binary patterns were directly transferred to the bioinks (red areas in the picture) layer by layer ^47,48 , ii) a mirror (lens system) is used to transfer the patterned light, iii) demonstration of DMD capabilities for grayscale patterning to change the light intensity on each pixel; (Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁴⁷ Copyright 2015 IOP Publishing), b) Design of a multi-material stereolithography bioprinter: i) Perspective view rendering of bioprinter components, where a motorized silicone sled translates laterally in the X-axis to automate bioink selection and rinsing, ii) Side view schematic showing the glass build plate lowered into a bioink droplet, creating a thin first layer (50 μm) for photocrosslinking, iii) Print workflow for fabricating hydrogels. The motorized sled allows nascent structures to interface with separate bioinks of variable chemical or cellular composition, providing heterogeneity within individuals layer (co-planar; XY) and across sequential layers (stacked; Z), (Reprinted with permission from ref ³⁹. Copyright 2021 Springer Nature), c) Design of a customized bioprinter using a commercial DLP box and multi-material module for creating hydrogel constructs: left picture shows the whole apparatus with x-y-z stage for large constructs and right pictures show the rotation model used to exchange materials on a UV-glass substrate (Reprinted with permission from ref ³⁴. Copyright 2021 IOP Publishing).