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. 2023 Nov 29;624(7990):115–121. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06777-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 8 — a. The index of continental block fragmentation derived from Zaffos et al.⁴¹ (orange curve) with value close to 1 indicating no plates are touching and a value of zero corresponding to contiguous continental blocks arranged in a single mass. Pearson correlation (0.46) indicates a positive but moderate relationship with the number of marine families (black line from Sepkoski’s dataset². b. Correlations between the fragmentation index and the total number of marine genera from Sepkoski² (SO2) and Rohde & Muller⁵ (RM05) show a slightly stronger but still moderate positive trends (Pearson values of 0.58 and 0.54 respectively).