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. 2023 Oct 23;10(34):2305075. doi: 10.1002/advs.202305075

Figure 4.

Figure 4

a) Schematic diagram of a biological synapse with quasi‐nonvolatile memory, ultralow‐power modulation and robust operation characteristics. b) Evolution of TPPS device current during long‐term depression as a function of the pulse interval varying between 150 and 5 µs. The amplitude and width of the modulating voltage pulses are identical, which are 0.3 V and 10 µs, respectively. The ultra‐low power c) spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity and d) spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity characteristics of the TPPS based OPM synapse. e,e‐1) LTD and LTP endurance performance of the TPPS synapse evaluated in 100 continuous modulation cycles. In each of the modulation cycles, 20 voltage pulses with the amplitude of 0.3 V, width of 10 µs and interval of 24 µs to achieve LTD, and subsequent 4 voltage pulses with the amplitude of −0.3 V, width of 10 µs and interval of 5 µs to achieve LTP are applied onto the device consecutively. All the currents were read using a voltage pulse with the amplitude of −0.01 V and width of 100 ms.