Fig. 2.

PD1-CD28 CSR enhances the function of MSLN TRuC-T cells. a Luc-expressing tumor cell cytotoxicity based on luminescence after 24-h coculture with MSLN TRuC-T cells at various ratios. b IFN-γ, IL-2, GM-CSF, and TNF-α were measured from the culture supernatants of the cytotoxicity assay by MSD ELISA. c Cytokine release after 24 h 1:1 coculture of MSLN TRuC-T cells with MSTO^MSLN, MSTO^MSLN-PD-L1, or MSTO^MSLN-PD-L1 cells in the presence of an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (+ PD-1); IFN-γ, IL-2, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 levels measured by MSD ELISA. Plotted data represent two or three individual donors and are plotted as mean (± SEM). Data were analyzed for statistical significance by two-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. CSR chimeric switch receptor, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN-γ interferon gamma, IL interleukin, MSD meso scale discovery, MSLN mesothelin, MSTO mesothelioma, PD-L1 programmed cell death protein ligand 1, SEM standard error of the mean, TNF-α tumor necrosis alpha, TRuC T cell receptor fusion construct