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ROC curves of VOI_I model and combined models in the training and validation sets (a), internal (b) and external (c) testing sets, and the difference in AUC between VOI_I model and VOI4 model in the internal and external testing sets, respectively. Blue represents VOI_I model and green represents VOI4 model. VOI—volume of interest; AUC—area under the curve; ROC—Receiver operating characteristic; CI—confidence interval
