Table 2.
Deaths and DALYs (in counts and all-age rates) associated with and attributable to bacterial antimicrobial resistance in China, 2019.
| Associated with resistance |
Attributable to resistance |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths |
DALYs |
Deaths |
DALYs |
|||||
| Number (95% UI) | Rate, per 100,000 (95% UI) | Number (95% UI) | Rate, per 100,000 (95% UI) | Number (95% UI) | Rate, per 100,000 (95% UI) | Number (95% UI) | Rate, per 100,000 (95% UI) | |
| All infectious syndromes | 602,561 (378,084–928,696) | 42.4 (26.6–65.3) | 14,583,291 (9,193,347–22,463,290) | 1025.3 (646.3–1579.3) | 145,465 (89,593–222,609) | 10.2 (6.3–15.7) | 3,457,030 (2,144,036–5,328,606) | 243.1 (150.7–374.6) |
| Infectious syndrome | ||||||||
| Bloodstream infections | 290,481 (159,641–486,428) | 20.4 (11.2–34.2) | 7,076,456 (3,890,686–11,577,398) | 497.5 (273.5–814) | 73,173 (38,183–121,964) | 5.1 (2.7–8.6) | 1,753,840 (941,902–2,913,997) | 123.3 (66.2–204.9) |
| Lower respiratory infections and all related infections in the thorax | 134,188 (93,075–193,120) | 9.4 (6.5–13.6) | 3,034,796 (2,191,306–4,225,035) | 213.4 (154.1–297) | 30,569 (19,979–45,195) | 2.1 (1.4–3.2) | 681,843 (464,594–988,283) | 47.9 (32.7–69.5) |
| Peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections | 93,968 (55,059–154,951) | 6.6 (3.9–10.9) | 2,333,171 (1,323,192–3,944,295) | 164 (93–277.3) | 23,231 (13,475–38,805) | 1.6 (0.9–2.7) | 575,375 (324,470–968,793) | 40.5 (22.8–68.1) |
| Bacterial infections of the skin and subcutaneous systems | 32,066 (8286–80,488) | 2.3 (0.6–5.7) | 658,886 (182,680–1,646,088) | 46.3 (12.8–115.7) | 4965 (942–14,049) | 0.3 (0.1–1) | 102,381 (21,193–293,030) | 7.2 (1.5–20.6) |
| Urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis | 27,112 (12,365–50,066) | 1.9 (0.9–3.5) | 571,407 (266,612–1,061,676) | 40.2 (18.7–74.6) | 6830 (3065–12,928) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 143,753 (65,980–270,988) | 10.1 (4.6–19.1) |
| Endocarditis and other cardiac infections | 8283 (4519–13,993) | 0.6 (0.3–1) | 213,417 (118,418–355,119) | 15 (8.3–25) | 2075 (1132–3524) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 52,365 (28,933–86,853) | 3.7 (2–6.1) |
| Tuberculosis | 7765 (4598–14,120) | 0.5 (0.3–1) | 269,628 (166,163–479,953) | 19 (11.7–33.7) | 2831 (568–7550) | 0.2 (0–0.5) | 74,854 (17,217–193,791) | 5.3 (1.2–13.6) |
| Meningitis and other bacterial central nervous system infections | 4342 (2628–7943) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 177,682 (105,959–311,601) | 12.5 (7.4–21.9) | 951 (539–1734) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 38,094 (22,075–66,161) | 2.7 (1.6–4.7) |
| Infections of bones, joints, and related organs | 3337 (1016–7802) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 77,295 (22,843–183,567) | 5.4 (1.6–12.9) | 630 (185–1525) | 0 (0–0.1) | 14,443 (4067–35,782) | 1 (0.3–2.5) |
| Typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella | 541 (304–938) | 0 (0–0.1) | 31,144 (17,224–56,019) | 2.2 (1.2–3.9) | 111 (39–238) | 0 (0–0) | 6337 (2123–13,698) | 0.4 (0.1–1) |
| Diarrhea | 479 (185–1099) | 0 (0–0.1) | 131,120 (28,729–376,200) | 9.2 (2–26.4) | 100 (26–254) | 0 (0–0) | 12,808 (2000–39,715) | 0.9 (0.1–2.8) |
| Gonorrhoea and chlamydia | – | – | 8288 (4360–14,020) | 0.6 (0.3–1) | – | – | 936 (352–1821) | 0.1 (0–0.1) |