Figure 3.

NLRP3-inflammasome in skin wound healing: impaired healing. In impaired healing, a chronic inflammatory response is characterized by expression of proinflammatory markers IL-1β, TNF-α, and ROS produced by proinflammatory Mp in part by NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. NETs, IL-1β, TNF-α, and ROS, all contribute to a proinflammatory feedback loop that sustains the inflammatory response. Mp remain stuck in a proinflammatory phenotype, compromising expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and growth factors TGF-β, IGF-1, and PDGF. Dysregulated inflammation thus leads to reduced recruitment, proliferation and maturation of other cell types involved in skin wound healing such as Kt, Fb and EC, compromising angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition.