Figure 4.

NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and mechanisms of action. Various compounds have been shown to target different aspects of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Compounds inhibiting ROS: metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors. Compounds inhibiting K⁺ efflux: glyburide. Compounds inhibiting ASC/NLRP3 oligomerization: MCC950 and heparan sulfate. Compounds inhibiting active NLRP3, upon binding to NACHT domain: Tranilast, Bay 11-7082, and heparan sulfate. Compounds inhibiting NF-κB: PPAR agonists, YVAD, and metformin. DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.