Table 1.
Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and ADRD comorbidities in the pre-index period—overall population
| MCI | Non-MCI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Baseline characteristics | P-value* | ||||
| Total | 5185 | 100.0% | 15,555 | 100.0% | |
| Age at index (continuous) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 67.0 (12.0) | 67.0 (12.0) | .950 | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 63.0 (57.0 - 77.0) | 63.0 (57.0 - 77.0) | |||
| Min–max | 50 - 101 | 50 - 116 | |||
| Age (categorical) | |||||
| 50–64 | 2781 | 53.6% | 8343 | 53.6% | 1.00 |
| 65–79 | 1375 | 26.5% | 4125 | 26.5% | |
| ≥ 80 | 1029 | 19.8% | 3087 | 19.8% | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 2194 | 42.3% | 6582 | 42.3% | 1.00 |
| Female | 2991 | 57.7% | 8973 | 57.7% | |
| Region | |||||
| Northeast | 1571 | 30.3% | 4664 | 30.0% | .145 |
| North Central | 877 | 16.9% | 2647 | 17.0% | |
| South | 1924 | 37.1% | 5825 | 37.4% | |
| West | 806 | 15.5% | 2407 | 15.5% | |
| Other/unknown | 7 | 0.1% | 12 | 0.1% | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.57) | 1.0 (1.29) | <.001 | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 1.0 (0.0 - 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0 - 1.0) | |||
| Min–Max | 0 - 9 | 0 - 10 | |||
| Elixhauser Index | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.6 (2.1) | 1.8 (1.87) | <.001 | ||
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 2.0 (1.0 - 4.0) | 1.0 (0.0 - 3.0) | |||
| Min–Max | 0 -13 | 0 - 13 | |||
| ADRD comorbidities | Odds Ratio (95% CI)** | ||||
| Patients with ≥1 any condition | 4956 | 95.6% | 12,668 | 81.4% | 4.9 (4.3, 5.7) |
| Hypertension | 3379 | 65.2% | 8606 | 55.3% | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) |
| Stroke/TIA | 1091 | 21.0% | 1167 | 7.5% | 3.3 (3.0, 3.6) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1137 | 21.9% | 2204 | 14.2% | 1.7 (1.6, 1.8) |
| Congestive heart failure | 415 | 8.0% | 839 | 5.4% | 1.5 (1.4, 1.7) |
| Myocardial infarction | 231 | 4.5% | 438 | 2.8% | 1.6 (1.4, 1.9) |
| Atherosclerosis | 519 | 10.0% | 1078 | 6.9% | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 498 | 9.6% | 1082 | 7.0% | 1.4 (1.3, 1.6) |
| Diabetes | 1309 | 25.2% | 3012 | 19.4% | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3423 | 66.0% | 8610 | 55.4% | 1.6 (1.5, 1.7) |
| Obesity | 928 | 17.9% | 2116 | 13.6% | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) |
| Metabolic syndrome | 276 | 5.3% | 401 | 2.6% | 2.1 (1.8, 2.5) |
| Weight loss | 320 | 6.2% | 362 | 2.3% | 2.8 (2.4, 3.2) |
| Hearing loss | 1090 | 21.0% | 1746 | 11.2% | 2.1 (1.9, 2.3) |
| Depression | 1622 | 31.3% | 1683 | 10.8% | 3.8 (3.5, 4.1) |
| Insomnia | 758 | 14.6% | 941 | 6.0% | 2.7 (2.4, 2.9) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 1440 | 27.8% | 1825 | 11.7% | 2.9 (2.7, 3.1) |
| Disturbances of sensation of smell and taste | 35 | 0.7% | 24 | 0.2% | 4.4 (2.6, 7.4) |
| Bipolar | 120 | 2.3% | 55 | 0.4% | 6.7 (4.8, 9.2) |
| Schizophrenia | 21 | 0.4% | 13 | 0.1% | 4.9 (2.4, 9.7) |
| Psychosis | 73 | 1.4% | 27 | 0.2% | 8.2 (5.3, 12.8) |
| Alcohol abuse | 136 | 2.6% | 158 | 1.0% | 2.6 (2.1, 3.3) |
| Drug abuse | 142 | 2.7% | 141 | 0.9% | 3.1 (2.4, 3.9) |
| Hypothyroidism | 1298 | 25.0% | 2717 | 17.5% | 1.6 (1.5, 1.7) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 204 | 3.9% | 379 | 2.4% | 1.6 (1.4, 2.0) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1257 | 24.2% | 2561 | 16.5% | 1.6 (1.5, 1.8) |
Abbreviations: ADRD Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia disorders, CI confidence interval, Max maximum, MCI mild cognitive impairment, Min minimum, OR odds ratio, Q1 1st quartile, Q3 3rd quartile, SD standard deviation, TIA transient ischemic attack
*p-values resulted from independent t-tests conducted for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables
**ORs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated directly from percentages and frequencies for MCI and non-MCI cohorts