Table 3.
Comparison of demographic and clinical parameters between increased and non-increased BMD groups a
| Parameters | Lumbar spine BMD | p-value c | Femoral neck BMD | p-value c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increased group (≥ 3% per year) n = 17 b | Non-increased group (< 3% per year) n = 11 b | Increased group (≥ 3% per year) n = 6 b | Non-increased group (< 3% per year) n = 22 b | |||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 37.0 (34.5–40.5) | 43.0 (39.0–46.0) | 0.018 | 40.5 (32.3–45.0) | 39.0 (35.0–43.3) | 0.978 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 15 (88.2) | 10 (90.9) | 1.000 | 6 (100) | 19 (86.4) | 1.000 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 20.2 (18.9–23.8) | 19.8 (17.9–23.7) | 0.452 | 23.2 (18.4–23.7) | 20.0 (18.6–23.8) | 0.675 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 9 (52.9) | 2 (18.2) | 0.115 | 1 (16.7) | 10 (45.5) | 0.355 |
| Prior AIDS diagnosis, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 5 (45.5) | 0.409 | 2 (33.3) | 7 (31.8) | 1.000 |
| Time since diagnosis HIV (years), median (IQR) | 1 (1–6.5) | 4 (1–12) | 0.325 | 1 (0.75–6.8) | 4 (1–9) | 0.458 |
| CD4 cell count, median (IQR) | 394 (301–545) | 766 (149–907) | 0.132 | 518 (180–782) | 436 (306–804) | 0.716 |
| Time on antiretroviral therapy (years), median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 4 (1–9) | 0.258 | 2 (1–5) | 4 (1–8) | 0.492 |
| TFV use at baseline, n (%) | 16 (94.1) | 6 (54.5) | 0.022 | 5 (83.3) | 17 (77.3) | 1.000 |
| BP pre-treatment, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | 4 (36.4) | 0.062 | 0 (0) | 5 (22.7) | 0.553 |
| Lumbar spine BMD at baseline (g/cm2), median (IQR) | 0.789 (0.723–0.845) | 0.867 (0.774–0.912) | 0.105 | 0.827 (0.769–0.883) | 0.800 (0.732–0.874) | 0.801 |
| Femoral neck BMD at baseline (g/cm2), median (IQR) | 0.606 (0.574–0.679) | 0.623 (0.540–0.654) | 0.621 | 0.602 (0.568–0.655) | 0.615 (0.568–0.680) | 0.654 |
| Denosumab treatment initiated before the COVID-19 pandemic, n (%) | 13 (76.5) | 8 (72.7) | 1.000 | 5 (83.3) | 16 (72.7) | 1.000 |
| Adherence at 12 months, n (%) | 14 (82.4) | 11 (100) | 0.258 | 6 (100) | 19 (86.4) | 1.000 |
| Adherence at 24 months, n (%) | 12 (70.6) | 6 (54.5) | 0.444 | 5 (83.3) | 13 (59.1) | 0.375 |
| MCR to follow-up (%), median (IQR) | 95.0 (92.3–98.9) | 98.6 (93.2–99.1) | 0.525 | 95.6 (91.6–99.3) | 95.2 (92.4–99.1) | 0.889 |
Abbreviations: AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, BMD bone mineral density, BMI body mass index, BP bisphosphonate, COVID coronavirus disease, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, IQR interquartile range, MCR medication coverage ratio, TFV tenofovir
a Data are expressed as numbers and frequencies (%) or median values with IQR
b Patients who did not undergo follow-up BMD measurements were excluded from the analysis
c Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data, and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous data